Impact of environmental factors on ochratoxin A: From natural occurrence to control strategy

Wang, Gang; Li, Erfeng; Gallo, Antonia; Perrone, Giancarlo; Varga, Elisabeth; Ma, Junning; Yang, Bolei; Tai, Bowen; Xing, Fuguo

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120767

Cited by 25 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…In addition, studies have documented several adverse health effects, such as hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and embryotoxicity (Wang et al, 2022) Given that medical Cannabis is used in the treatment of various diseases of the nervous system, neurodegenerative and affective disorders, as well as to modulate eating behavior and treat rheumatic disorders, it is important to consider the risk that the possible synthesis of ochratoxins may generate for consumers, taking into account that this mycotoxin is difficult to degrade during processing stages (Liu et al, 2022;Montero-Oleas et al, 2020;Pauli et al, 2020;Russo, 2018) To prevent OTA synthesis by A. westerdijkae and its contamination in cannabis, it is essential to adhere to recommendations such as implementing proper agricultural practices (GAP) during cultivation. Additionally, careful monitoring of environmental parameters during postharvest, including temperature, water activity (aw), pH, osmotic stress and the availability of carbon sources for the microorganism (Wang et al, 2023).…”

Section: Analysis Of Genes Associated Of Aspergillus Westerdijkiae Wi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of Ochratoxin A synthesis in Cannabis inflorescences

Aguirre-Ortega,

Henao-López,

Vargas-Alzate

et al. 2024

Sci. agropecu

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Nowadays, fungal contamination of medical Cannabis inflorescences during postharvest has become an increasingly frequent and worrisome problem for consumers and the industry in general. This is because some of these microorganisms can produce secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins, which can be toxic to humans. To assess the risk posed by fungal contamination and evaluate the potential for fungal isolates to produce mycotoxins, samples of medicinal Cannabis were tested for the presence of mycotoxin-forming fungi. Inflorescences were isolated on PDA agar at 23 ± 2 °C for ten days, and the microorganisms were identified. The strain with morphological characteristics compatible with the genus Aspergillus spp. was selected as the fungus with the highest risk of forming hazardous mycotoxins. This isolate was characterized conventionally and by molecular identification using primers for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA and different coding genes and was identified as Aspergillus westerdijkiae. To determine mycotoxin formation, the genome of A. westerdijkiae was sequenced using the Illumina Novaseq platform in South Korea. The antiSMASH tool was used to search for gene clusters associated with producing secondary metabolites, and genes related to toxins were manually curated. Regions where the cluster of genes directly involved in OTA biosynthesis (otaA, otaB, otaC, otaR and otaD) were found, suggesting a potential risk of synthesis of this toxin.

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Section: Analysis Of Genes Associated Of Aspergillus Westerdijkiae Wi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of Ochratoxin A synthesis in Cannabis inflorescences

Aguirre-Ortega,

Henao-López,

Vargas-Alzate

et al. 2024

Sci. agropecu

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“…Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a natural contaminant produced from filamentous fungi and occurs in a wide range of foodstuffs worldwide, including cereals, dried fruits, wine, and coffee. 1 In addition to causing serious economic losses, it also endangers human health. 2 Various studies have shown that OTA can cause multi-organ toxicity, with the kidney being the main target organ.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Secretory Expression and Purification on Three Insoluble Amidohydrolases for Ochratoxin A Hydrolysis by Pichia pastoris

Zhang,

Ma,

Dai

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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As a highly toxic mycotoxin, ochratoxin A (OTA) is widely contaminating agricultural products and has various toxicological effects. Bioenzymes for OTA degradation have shown promising potential for detoxification. Other than the efficient amidohydrolase ADH3 previously, two novel amidohydrolases ADH1 and AMD3 were obtained in this study. During Escherichia coli expression, the expressed protein solubility was very low and will limit future industrial application. Here, high copy number integrations were screened, and the amidohydrolases were efficiently secretory expressed by Pichia pastoris GS115. The protein yields from 1.0 L of fermentation supernatant were 53.5 mg for ADH1, 89.15 mg for ADH3, and 79.5 mg for AMD3. The catalytic efficiency (K cat /K m ) of secretory proteins was 124.95 s −1 mM −1 for ADH3, 123.21 s −1 mM −1 for ADH1, and 371.99 s −1 mM −1 for AMD3. In comparison to E. coli expression, the active protein yields substantially increased 15.78−51.53 times. Meanwhile, two novel amidohydrolases (ADH1 and AMD3) showed much higher activity than ADH3 that produced by secretory expression.

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“…Due to its toxicity, many countries and organizations have established a limited standard for OTA in food and grains. The European Union (EU) and China stipulate the maximum allowable content of OTA in processed cereal and cereals products at 5.0 μg/kg (about 12.5 nmol/L), respectively [ 6 , 7 ]. Hence, for monitoring food safety and ensuring human health, constructing simple, fast, sensitive and reliable analytical methods for OTA detection is of great significance and urgency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Docking Insight into the Label-Free Fluorescence Aptasensor for Ochratoxin A Detection

Wang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most common mycotoxin and can be found in wheat, corn and other grain products. As OTA pollution in these grain products is gaining prominence as a global issue, the demand to develop OTA detection technology has attracted increasing attention. Recently, a variety of label-free fluorescence biosensors based on aptamer have been established. However, the binding mechanisms of some aptasensors are still unclear. Herein, a label-free fluorescent aptasensor employing Thioflavin T (ThT) as donor for OTA detection was constructed based on the G-quadruplex aptamer of the OTA aptamer itself. The key binding region of aptamer was revealed by using molecular docking technology. In the absence of the OTA target, ThT fluorescent dye binds with the OTA aptamer to form an aptamer/ThT complex, and results in the fluorescence intensity being obviously enhanced. In the presence of OTA, the OTA aptamer binds to OTA because of its high affinity and specificity to form an aptamer/OTA complex, and the ThT fluorescent dye is released from the OTA aptamer into the solution. Therefore, the fluorescence intensity is significantly decreased. Molecular docking results revealed that OTA is binding to the pocket-like structure and surrounded by the A29-T3 base pair and C4, T30, G6 and G7 of the aptamer. Meanwhile, this aptasensor shows good selectivity, sensitivity and an excellent recovery rate of the wheat flour spiked experiment.

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Impact of environmental factors on ochratoxin A: From natural occurrence to control strategy

Cited by 25 publications

References 146 publications

Identification of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of Ochratoxin A synthesis in Cannabis inflorescences

Identification of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of Ochratoxin A synthesis in Cannabis inflorescences

Efficient Secretory Expression and Purification on Three Insoluble Amidohydrolases for Ochratoxin A Hydrolysis by Pichia pastoris

Molecular Docking Insight into the Label-Free Fluorescence Aptasensor for Ochratoxin A Detection

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