Impact of environmental oxygen, exercise, salinity, and metabolic rate on the uptake and tissue-specific distribution of 17α-ethynylestradiol in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus

Blewett, Tamzin A.; Robertson, Lisa; MacLatchy, Deborah L.; Wood, Chris M.

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.04.006

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Metabolic rates measured in HIFR are comparable with values from previously reported metabolic rate values for F. heteroclitus (±5%) and other teleost fish (±40%) further validating the methods described here (16, 27, 28). To determine this, the metabolic rate reported for F. heteroclitus or other species acclimated to various temperatures was used to interpolate metabolic rate for an 8-gram individual at 28°C.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

An Innovative Setup for High-Throughput Respirometry of Small Aquatic Animals

Drown

DeLiberto

Crawford

et al. 2020

Preprint

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7 8 Keywords: Fundulus heteroclitus, evolutionary analysis, standard metabolic rate 9 ABSTRACT 10 Metabolic rate is often measured as a phenotype in evolutionary genetics studies because it 11 impacts organismal fitness, is repeatable and heritable, and is responsive to numerous 12 environmental variables. Despite a wide body of literature about metabolic rates, key questions 13 remain unanswered: 1) why do individuals from the same population exhibit up to three fold 14 differences in metabolic rate, 2) how does metabolic rate change during an individual's lifetime, 15 and 3) what metabolic rate is advantageous in a specific environment? Current low throughput 16 approaches to measure metabolic rate make it difficult to answer these and other relevant 17 ecological and evolutionary questions that require a much larger sample size. Here we describe a 18 scalable high-throughput intermittent flow respirometer (HIFR) design and use it to measure the 19 metabolic rates of 20 aquatic animals simultaneously while reducing equipment costs and time 20 by more than 50%. INTRODUCTION22 Metabolic rate is often measured as a phenotype in evolutionary genetics studies because it is 23 known to impact organismal fitness, is repeatable and heritable, and is affected by a variety of 24 environmental variables (1-5). The relationship between metabolic rate and a variable of interest, 25 such as temperature, oxygen availability, or toxicant exposure, has been investigated frequently, 26 which has led to a rich literature on metabolic rates in many species (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Despite this wide 27 body of literature, key questions about metabolic rates remain unanswered including 1) why do 28 individuals from the same population exhibit up to three fold differences in metabolic rate under 29 similar acclimation conditions and activity levels, 2) how does metabolic rate change during an 30 individual's lifetime, and 3) what metabolic rate is advantageous in a specific environment (7)? 31 32 33 Flow through respirometry, intermittent-flow respirometry (IFR), and closed respirometry are 34 techniques used to measure metabolic rates in terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Flow through 35 respirometry is achieved by measuring the amount of oxygen entering and leaving a chamber 36 relative to the flow rate of air or water through the chamber (12). In IFR the respirometer cycles 37 between open and closed periods. During open periods the chamber is flushed to remove waste 38 and oxygen is replenished and during closed periods the animal is using oxygen sealed in the 39 chamber ( Fig. 1) (12, 13). Closed respirometry places an organism in a sealed chamber of known 40 volume and measures oxygen or carbon dioxide partial pressures at multiple time points 41 throughout the trial. The sealed chamber during closed respirometry may result in the 42 accumulation of nitrogenous waste and carbon dioxide, which can increase stress, and may cause 43 loss of equilibrium (LOE) in aquatic organisms (14).44 Flow-through respirometry and IFR methods may b...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

An Innovative Setup for High-Throughput Respirometry of Small Aquatic Animals

Drown

DeLiberto

Crawford

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Reducing diffusive distance may exacerbate the transport of toxicants such as organic contaminants that may diffuse passively into the gill2930. Any impacts of this phenomenon may not be manifested over the acute timeframe of the current study, but could exacerbate effects over a chronic period of exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The effect of hydraulic flowback and produced water on gill morphology, oxidative stress and antioxidant response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Blewett

Weinrauch

Delompré

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Hydraulic fracturing fluid are complex mixtures containing high concentrations of salts (up to 330,000 ppm), organic, and metal contaminants. However, little data exist on the potential mechanisms of toxicity of these flowback and produced wastewaters (FPW) on aquatic biota. Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed to either control, FPW (2.5 or 7.5%), FPW that had been treated with activated charcoal (AC), or a custom salt-matched control (SW; replicating only the salt content of FPW) for 48 hours. Gill histology revealed decreases in interlamellar cell mass (ILCM) and mean lamellar length in all treatments (FPW, AC and SW) compared to control, indicative of hyperosmotic stress. Liver CYP1A1 activity was significantly elevated by 7.5-fold in the FPW 7.5% treatment only, indicative of Phase I metabolism. Superoxide dismutase activity significantly decreased in the gills to all treatments with the lowest activity occurring in the 7.5% FPW group. Catalase activity increased in liver with the highest values noted in fish exposed to 7.5% FPW. No changes were observed with respect to glutathione-S-transferase, while increased lipid peroxidation was only observed in both FPW treatments (2.5, 7.5%). These data suggest a characteristic signature of FPW impact which may help in risk assessment and biomonitoring of FPW spills.

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“…Tetens and Christensen, 1987;Matey et al, 2011), certainly within the time frame (minutes to a few hours) of a typical P crit experiment. Alternatively, it may also allow more time for other adjustments such as the down-regulation of total metabolic rate or the up-regulation of anaerobic metabolism, which may explain the oxyconforming results of Blewett et al (2013) on the killifish in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Calculation Of P Crit Usually Involves Selective Data Editingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The speed of hypoxia induction is undoubtedly an important issue. In the dataset where there was no P crit , the P O2 was gradually lowered over 7 h (Blewett et al, 2013), which may have allowed the animals to progressively suppress their metabolic rate and/or increase anaerobic metabolism so as to manifest as oxyconformers. In contrast, much more rapid lowering over 1-3 h resulted in P crit values ranging from 4 to 8.5 kPa, although within this time frame, these values were not correlated to the measurement period.…”

Section: Calculation Of P Crit Usually Involves Selective Data Editingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fallacy of thePcrit – are there more useful alternatives?

Wood

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

Self Cite

107

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P critgenerally defined as the P O2 below which the animal can no longer maintain a stable rate of O 2 consumption (Ṁ O2), such that Ṁ O2 becomes dependent upon P O2provides a single number into which a vast amount of experimental effort has been invested. Here, with specific reference to water-breathers, I argue that this focus on the P crit is not useful for six reasons: (1) calculation of P crit usually involves selective data editing; (2) the value of P crit depends greatly on the way it is determined; (3) there is no good theoretical justification for the concept; (4) P crit is not the transition point from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, and it disguises what is really going on; (5) P crit is not a reliable index of hypoxia tolerance; and (6) P crit carries minimal information content. Preferable alternatives are loss of equilibrium (LOE) tests for hypoxia tolerance, and experimental description of full Ṁ O2 versus P O2 profiles accompanied by measurements of ventilation, lactate appearance and metabolic rate by calorimetry. If the goal is to assess the ability of the animal to regulate Ṁ O2 from this profile in a mathematical fashion, promising, more informative alternatives to P crit are the regulation index and Michaelis-Menten or sigmoidal allosteric analyses.

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Impact of environmental oxygen, exercise, salinity, and metabolic rate on the uptake and tissue-specific distribution of 17α-ethynylestradiol in the euryhaline teleost Fundulus heteroclitus

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

An Innovative Setup for High-Throughput Respirometry of Small Aquatic Animals

An Innovative Setup for High-Throughput Respirometry of Small Aquatic Animals

The effect of hydraulic flowback and produced water on gill morphology, oxidative stress and antioxidant response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The fallacy of thePcrit – are there more useful alternatives?

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