Impact of Environmental Parameters on Marathon Running Performance

Helou, Nour El; Tafflet, Muriel; Berthelot, Geoffroy; Tolaini, Julien; Marc, Andy; Guillaume, Marion; Hausswirth, Christophe; Toussaint, Jean‐François

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037407

Cited by 160 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, although the database seems highly reliable, some smaller races might not be included leading to a selection bias. Regarding the study design, a limitation in this crosssectional study is the fact that we were unable to take into consideration factors of endurance performance such as physiological (35,40,46) and anthropometric parameters (28,29), training (29,32), previous experience (28,30), fluid and food intake (2,3), motivation (20,34), medical problems (33,47), and environmental conditions of the race (12,13). Nevertheless, this study reveals beneficial information, because it expands the existing data of age and gender influence in ultramarathon running.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Age of the Fastest Female and Male 100-km Ultramarathoners Worldwide From 1960 to 2012

Cejka¹,

Knechtle²,

Rüst³

et al. 2015

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the change in 100-km running performance and in the age of peak performance for 100-km ultramarathoners. Age and running speed of the annual fastest women and men in all 100-km ultramarathons held worldwide between 1960 and 2012 were analyzed in 148,017 finishes with 18,998 women and 129,019 men using single, multivariate, and nonlinear regressions. Running speed of the annual fastest men increased from 8.67 to 15.65 km·h and from 8.06 to 13.22 km·h for the annual fastest women. For the annual 10 fastest men, running speed increased from 10.23 ± 1.22 to 15.05 ± 0.29 km·h (p < 0.0001) and for the annual 10 fastest women from 7.18 ± 1.54 to 13.03 ± 0.18 km·h (p < 0.0001). The sex difference decreased from 56.1 to 16.3% for the annual fastest finishers (p < 0.0001) and from 46.7 ± 8.7% to 14.0 ± 1.2% for the annual 10 fastest finishers (p < 0.0001). The age of the annual fastest men increased from 29 to 40 years (p = 0.025). For the annual fastest women, the age remained unchanged at 35.0 ± 9.7 years (p = 0.469). For the annual 10 fastest women and men, the age remained unchanged at 34.9 ± 3.2 (p = 0.902) and 34.5 ± 2.5 years (p = 0.064), respectively. To summarize, 100-km ultramarathoners became faster, the sex difference in performance decreased but the age of the fastest finishers remained unchanged at 35 years. For athletes and coaches to plan a career as 100-km ultramarathoner, the age of the fastest female and male 100-km ultramarathoners remained unchanged at 35 years between 1960 and 2012 although the runners improved their performance over time. (5): 1180-1190, 2015-The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the change in 100-km running performance and in the age of peak performance for 100-km ultramarathoners. Age and running speed of the annual fastest women and men in all 100-km ultramarathons held worldwide between 1960 and 2012 were analyzed in 148,017 finishes with 18,998 women and 129,019 men using single, multivariate, and nonlinear regressions. Running speed of the annual fastest men increased from 8.67 to 15.65 km$h 21 and from 8.06 to 13.22 km$h 21 for the annual fastest women. For the annual 10 fastest men, running speed increased from 10.23 6 1.22 to 15.05 6 0.29 km$h 21 (p , 0.0001) and for the annual 10 fastest women from 7.18 6 1.54 to 13.03 6 0.18 km$h 21 (p , 0.0001). The sex difference decreased from 56.1 to 16.3% for the annual fastest finishers (p , 0.0001) and from 46.7 6 8.7% to 14.0 6 1.2% for the annual 10 fastest finishers (p , 0.0001). The age of the annual fastest men increased from 29 to 40 years (p = 0.025). For the annual fastest women, the age remained unchanged at 35.0 6 9.7 years (p = 0.469). For the annual 10 fastest women and men, the age remained unchanged at 34.9 6 3.2 (p = 0.902) and 34.5 6 2.5 years (p = 0.064), respectively. To summarize, 100-km ultramarathoners became faster, the sex difference in performance decreased but the age of the fastest finishers remained unchanged a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Age of the Fastest Female and Male 100-km Ultramarathoners Worldwide From 1960 to 2012

Cejka¹,

Knechtle²,

Rüst³

et al. 2015

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…A limitation in this cross-sectional study is that influences on endurance performance such as physiological (Landman et al, 2012;Saltin et al, 1995;Saunders et al, 2004) and anthropometric characteristics (Knechtle et al, 2008(Knechtle et al, , 2009Knechtleet al, 2010), training variables (Billat et al, 2001;Knechtle, Wirth, et al, 2010), fluid and food intake (Bürge et al, 2011;Cejka, Knechtle, Knechtle, Rüst, & Rosemann, 2012;Fallon, Broad, Thompson, & Reull, 1998;Onywera et al, 2004), medical problems (Scheer & Murray, 2011) and environmental conditions of the race (El Helou et al, 2012;Ely, Cheuvront, Roberts, & Montain, 2007;Marr & Ely, 2010;Vihma, 2010) were not taken into consideration. However, this study reveals valuable data, because it provides insight into the development of participation and performance in 100-km ultramarathon worldwide.…”

Section: Limitations and Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation and performance trends in 100-km ultra-marathons worldwide

Cejka

Rüst

Lepers

et al. 2013

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The aims of the present study were to (1) investigate the participation trends for the origin of athletes competing in 100-km ultra-marathons and (2) determine the nationalities of athletes achieving the fastest 100-km race times worldwide. Race times and nationality from 112,283 athletes (15,204 women and 97,079 men) from 102 countries who completed a 100-km ultra-marathon worldwide between 1998 and 2011 were investigated using single-and multi-level regression analyses. The number of finishers increased exponentially, both for women and men. Most of the finishers (73.5%) were from Europe, in particular, France (30.4%). The number of finishers from Japan, Germany, Italy, Poland and the United States of America increased exponentially during the studied period. For women, runners from Canada became slower while those from Italy became faster over time. For men, runners from Belgium, Canada and Japan became slower. Between 1998 and 2011, the ten best race times were achieved by Japanese runners for both women with 457.1 (s = 28.8) min and men with 393.4 (s = 9.6) min. To summarise, most of the finishers in 100-km ultra-marathons originated from Europe, but the best performances belong to Japanese runners. Although East African runners dominate running up to a marathon, Japanese were the best in 100 km.

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“…Some new researches about team sports [12][13][14], cycling [15], marathons [16,17], water sports [10], effect of materials and apparels on the sport performance [18][19][20] as well as the recent results obtained by Pezzoli et al [11], show that in sports performance analysis it is necessary to work, not only in the well-known areas of "Performance Analysis" ("Motion Analysis", "Match Analysis" and "Notational Analysis"), but also in the area of "Environmental Analysis".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Wind Data for Sports Performance Design: A Case Study for Sailing Sports

Pezzoli

Bellasio²

2014

Sports

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Environmental conditions affect outdoor sports performance. This is particularly true in some sports, especially in the sport of sailing, where environmental parameters are extremely influential as they interact directly with strategic analysis of the race area and then with strategic analysis of the performance itself. For these reasons, this research presents an innovative methodology for the strategic analysis of the race course that is based on the integrated assessment of meteorological data measured on the ground, meteorological data measured at sea during the training activities and the results of the CALMET model in hindcasting over a limited scale. The results obtained by the above analysis are then integrated into a graphical representation that provides to coaches and athletes the main strategic directions of the race course in a simple and easy-to-use way. The authors believe that the innovative methodology that has been adopted in the present research may represent a new approach to the integrated analysis of meteorological data on coastal environments. On the other hand, the results of this analysis, if presented with an appropriate technique of meta-communication adapted to the sport sectors, can be used effectively for the improvement of athletes' performances.

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Impact of Environmental Parameters on Marathon Running Performance

Cited by 160 publications

References 45 publications

Performance and Age of the Fastest Female and Male 100-km Ultramarathoners Worldwide From 1960 to 2012

Performance and Age of the Fastest Female and Male 100-km Ultramarathoners Worldwide From 1960 to 2012

Participation and performance trends in 100-km ultra-marathons worldwide

Analysis of Wind Data for Sports Performance Design: A Case Study for Sailing Sports

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