Impact of ethanol extract ofAnamirta cocculus(Linn.) seeds on tissue damage biomarkers of the predatory catfishHeteropneustes fossilis(Bloch.)

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“…The reductions in blood cell indices and tissue deformation observed from the chronic bioassay are in line with findings of the study on behavioural, haematological and histopathological changes in C. gariepinus exposed to Parkia biglobosa pods Bawa-Allah and Akinnuoye [42]. Similar observations have also been reported in a study on exploitation of ethanol extract of Adenium obesum stem bark as a potent organic piscicide, Dar and Paul [5]. Blood analysis revealed significant (P<0.05) reduction in the blood parameters (Heamoglobin, Packed Cell Volume, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelet, Mean Corpuscular Volume and Mean Corpuscular Heamoglobin) of exposed fish Ayotunde et al, [33].…”

“…(Phyllanthaceae) is a semi-deciduous tree up to 20m tall with a dense round-ed crown and tall bare stem, bark on young branches grey-brown and smooth, on older branches and stems dark brown and rough, cracking into squares; branches often spiny; slash thin, fibrous, and brown to dark red. Over the last few decades, there has been an increased use of plant based ichthyotoxins (piscicidal plants) for commercial fishing activities in many parts of the world including Nigeria [4,5]. Plant-based ichthyotoxins are fish poisons derived from plants and active ingredients commonly detected in such plants include alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, resin and phenolics [6,7].…”