Impact of Ethylene and Abscisic Acid on Programmed Cell Death in Endosperm and Grain Filling of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Preliminary Study on Programmed Cell Death during Calyx Abscission of Korla Fragrant Pear

“…The onset of PCD during plant organ or tissue abscission is regulated spatially and temporally by ethylene [32]. Ethylene can affect the fragmentation of plant cell DNA, and early PCD can be induced in wheat and maize endosperm by ethylene treatment, while treatment with substances that inhibit ethylene synthesis can significantly delay endosperm PCD [4]. The induction of PCD in the rice root epidermis is dependent on ethylene signaling and is further promoted by GA, whereas treatment with GA alone fails to induce PCD and requires ethylene and GA to act in a synergistic manner for induction [33], while the combined effect of ethylene and GA can be reversed by CTK and ABA [34].…”

“…In plants, programmed cell death (PCD) is a cell death process that is spontaneous and genetically regulated in a specific time and space through the action of endogenous developmental signals or exogenous environmental signals and is prevalent in all processes of plant growth and development [1]; for example, PCD controls root organ size and promotes optimal root growth [2]. Past studies have found that PCD was present throughout the flower opening and senescence of petals [3], and during seed germination, endosperm cells first underwent degradation and death, followed by the death of aleurone layer cells, which PCD mediated in a tightly controlled spatiotemporal pattern [4]. Furthermore, the plant PCD process is regulated by a range of signals, such as plant hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium ions (Ca 2+ ), and nitric oxide (NO), which cross-react extensively with each other to induce PCD through different pathways [5,6].…”