Impact of Eurygaster maura (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) Feeding on Quality of Bread Wheat in Relation to Attack Period

Vaccino, P.; Corbellini, M.; Reffo, Gioia; Zoccatelli, Gianni; Migliardi, M.; Tavella, Luciana

doi:10.1093/jee/99.3.757

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The protease that is injected into the seeds by the Sunn pest has been known to degrade gluten proteins resulting in very poor-quality bread (Koksel et al, 2002;Vaccino et al, 2006). With only 2-3% damage of the wheat seeds milled for flour, the effect of small amounts of enzyme can be damaging enough to destroy entire batches of flour used for bread making.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With only 2-3% damage of the wheat seeds milled for flour, the effect of small amounts of enzyme can be damaging enough to destroy entire batches of flour used for bread making. Gluten is composed of proline-and glutamine-rich gliadins and glutenins that have been shown to be degraded in flour milled from Sunn pest-damaged grains (Vaccino et al, 2006). The high molecular weight glutenins have been shown by Perez et al (2005) to be more susceptible than the gliadin and low molecular weight glutenins to the insect protease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sunn pest-infested wheat seeds showing visible Sunn pest damage as described by Vaccino et al (2006) were sorted from those seeds with no damage resulting in 100% of the seeds used for sample being damaged. Unexposed wheat seeds (100%) were used as a negative control and processed similar to the damaged seeds.…”

Section: Source Of Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The annual range of infestation of Sunn pest in these regions is approximately 15 million hectares (ha) out of approximately 35 million ha of wheat planted (www.ICARDA.org; www.FAOstat/fao.org). During feeding, the Sunn pest injects a proteolytic enzyme that degrades the gluten proteins in the grain (Vaccino et al, 2006). With only 2-3% contamination, entire lots of grain are rendered useless for baking (Karababa and Ozan, 1998;Hariri et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of a prolyl endoprotease from Eurygaster integriceps puton (Sunn pest) infested wheat

Darkoh

El‐Bouhssini

Baum

et al. 2010

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps, Puton, infested and uninfested wheat seeds were obtained from the International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria, with the primary objective to identify the type of enzyme deposited by the Sunn pest on the wheat responsible for the gluten degradation. Enzyme levels were extremely low due to the enzyme being secreted by the insect in localized areas on the seed. Only extract from the infested wheat contained glutenase activity. Anion exchange, Cu(2+) sepharose, and gel filtration chromatography were used to partially purify and enrich protein samples from both infested wheat and uninfested wheat. An SDS-gluten assay was used to show gluten specificity while a commercially available chromogenic proline peptide, benzyloxycarbonyl-Gly-Pro-p-nitroanalide (ZGPpNA), was utilized to identify fractions containing the active proline specific enzyme activity and to determine Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Despite low levels of enzyme on the infested wheat, the enzyme was partially purified and enriched exhibiting a specific activity of 4.5 U/mg of total protein for gluten in a SDS gluten assay (1 U of enzyme activity was defined as the decrease in gel height in millimeters in 1 h) and exhibited a high-affinity Km of 65 microM for ZGPpNA, cleaving at the carboxy terminus of the proline residue. The enzyme exhibited optimal activity between pH 8 and 10.0 at temperatures between 20 degrees and 35 degrees C. The enzyme was identified to be a prolyl endoprotease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Source Of Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of a prolyl endoprotease from Eurygaster integriceps puton (Sunn pest) infested wheat

Darkoh

El‐Bouhssini

Baum

et al. 2010

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…Although the effects of wheat bugs' feeding activity on bread wheat have been largely studied (Karababa and Ozan, 1998;Sivri et al, 1999Sivri et al, , 2004Hariri et al, 2000;Aja et al, 2004;Vaccino et al, 2006;Werteker and Kramreither, 2008) there are not many works regarding durum wheat and other species of the genus Triticum. There are various studies on the percentage of bug-damaged kernels necessary in order to seriously affect the kernel, flour, dough or bread quality parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolamin proteins alteration in durum wheat by species of the genus Eurygaster and Aelia (Insecta, Hemiptera)

Salis

Goula

Valero³

et al. 2010

Span. j. agric. res.

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Wheat bugs are widely distributed in various areas of Europe, Asia and North Africa. Species belonging to the genus Eurygaster and Aelia pierce wheat kernels affecting protein quality. The effects of these insects' feeding activity have been studied mainly in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study provides information on the degradation of prolamin proteins (glutenins and gliadins) of bug-damaged durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) in six cultivars grown in Sardinia (Italy). Samples of whole flour mixture of 70% sound wheat and 30% damaged wheat were hydrated and incubated at two temperatures (45 and 4°C), for different periods of time (0, 1 and 3 h). Glutenin and gliadin content was analysed using free zone capillary electrophoresis. The presence of bug-damaged kernels had influence on the quality of durum wheat proteins. Glutenins were rapidly degraded independently to incubation temperature. Gliadin degradation, however, took place with dependence on temperature and incubation time. Therefore glutenin degradation was possibly not due solely to the activity of proteolytic enzymes but also to some other as yet unknown factor linked to wheat bugs' feeding activity.Additional key words: gliadin, glutenin, protein quality, Triticum turgidum L. var durum, wheat bugs. ResumenAlteración de las prolaminas en trigo duro por especies del género Eurygaster y Aelia (Insecta, Hemiptera)Los chinches de los cereales tienen una amplia distribución en diversas áreas de Europa, Asia y Norte de África. Especies pertenecientes a los géneros Eurygaster y Aelia se alimentan picando los granos de trigo afectando a la calidad de las proteínas. Esta alteración se ha estudiado principalmente en trigo blando (Triticum aestivum L.). El presente estudio aporta información sobre la degradación de las prolaminas (gluteninas y gliadinas) del trigo duro (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) dañado por los chinches de los cereales en seis variedades cultivadas en Cerdeña (Italia). Muestras de harina integral, con un 70% de trigo sano y un 30% de trigo dañado se incubaron a dos temperaturas (45 y 4°C), y a diferentes tiempos (0, 1 y 3 h). El contenido de las gluteninas y gliadinas se analizó mediante electroforesis capilar zonal. La presencia de granos picados por los chinches de los cereales influyó en la calidad de las proteínas del trigo duro. Las gluteninas se degradaron rápidamente, con independencia de la temperatura de incubación. En cambio, la degradación de las gliadinas resultó ser dependiente de la temperatura y del tiempo. Ante estos resultados, cabe plantearse la posibilidad de que la degradación de las gluteninas no sea debida sólo a la actividad de las proteasas sino también a algún otro factor ligado a la actividad alimenticia de los chinches de los cereales, todavía por determinar.Palabras clave adicionales: calidad de las proteínas, chinches de los cereales, gliadinas, gluteninas, Triticum turgidum L. var durum.

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Toxicity and persistence of three pyrethroids for the control of cereal bugs on common wheat

et al. 2014

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12Sunn pests are responsible for serious kernel damage on wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 13 Poaceae), affecting bread-making quality from their feeding at the late milk-ripe stage. In this 14 study the toxicity of three pyrethroids usually applied to this crop (λ-cyhalothrin, α-15 cypermethrin, τ-fluvalinate) was evaluated on two bug species, the wheat bug Eurygaster 16 maura (L.) and the green stink bug Nezara viridula (L.) in both laboratory and semi-field 17 conditions, to implement an effective and sustainable control strategy. Laboratory trials 18 showed small differences between the insecticides, whereas field cage trials gave more 19 information on toxicity and persistence of the three pyrethroids. The most toxic and with good 20 persistence on plants was α-cypermethrin, followed by λ-cyhalothrin, which had an 21 intermediate persistence. By contrast, τ-fluvalinate showed a high persistence on plants, but 22 seemed unsuited for wheat bug control because of its low toxicity, as clearly demonstrated in 23 both laboratory and semi-field trials. The results provide clear information on the application 24 strategy of the tested pyrethroids. In this context, α-cypermethrin proved to be the most 25 2 promising active ingredient for wheat bug control, particularly for early application of the 26 insecticide in a mixture with a fungicide at the wheat heading stage, eliminating the need for a 27 separate additional treatment by the farmer. 28 29

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Impact of Eurygaster maura (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) Feeding on Quality of Bread Wheat in Relation to Attack Period

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Characterization of a prolyl endoprotease from Eurygaster integriceps puton (Sunn pest) infested wheat

Characterization of a prolyl endoprotease from Eurygaster integriceps puton (Sunn pest) infested wheat

Prolamin proteins alteration in durum wheat by species of the genus Eurygaster and Aelia (Insecta, Hemiptera)

Toxicity and persistence of three pyrethroids for the control of cereal bugs on common wheat

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