Impact of exercise on the immune system and outcomes in hematologic malignancies

Sitlinger, Andrea; Brander, Danielle M.; Bartlett, David B.

doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001317

Cited by 45 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…A literature review of 7 studies examining exercise and immune environment in hematologic malignancies suggests exercise favorably influences the immune system by enhancing cellular functions to decrease inflammation but does not prevent impaired immune function. 36…”

Section: Considerations For Specific Acute Long-term and Late Effects Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Returning to Sport: Female Athletes Living With and Beyond Cancer

Schwartz

Terry

2021

Preprint

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Athletes living with and beyond cancer can continue to train and, in some cases, compete during treatment. Following cancer treatment, athletes can return to competitive sport but need to learn to adapt their physical strength and training to lingering effects of cancer. It is critical for oncology healthcare providers to use the principles of assess, refer and advise to exercise oncology programs that are appropriate for the individual. Managing side effects of treatment is key to being able to train during and immediately following cancer treatment. Keen attention to fatigue is important at any point in the cancer spectrum to avoid overtraining and optimize the effects of training.

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Section: Considerations For Specific Acute Long-term and Late Effects Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Returning to Sport: Female Athletes Living With and Beyond Cancer

Schwartz

Terry

2021

Preprint

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“…During the treatment-naïve period, patients with CLL can have low overall fitness and physical dysfunction, both of which predict poor survival following the commencement of treatment [ 12 ]. To date, we are aware of no studies that have assessed the role physical fitness has on the underlying pathophysiological factors of CLL [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher physical fitness and physical activity levels for lymphoma patients are associated with improve ments in therapy-related side effects, physical functioning, and quality of life [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, these effects can be partly explained by systemic changes or differences in the host pathways, including metabolism, inflammation, and immune function, that promote a less carcinogenic milieu [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Fitness and the Pathophysiology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Sitlinger

Deal

Garcia

et al. 2021

Cells

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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with physical dysfunction and low overall fitness that predicts poor survival following the commencement of treatment. However, it remains unknown whether higher fitness provides antioncogenic effects. We identified ten fit (CLL-FIT) and ten less fit (CLL-UNFIT) treatment-naïve CLL patients from 144 patients who completed a set of physical fitness and performance tests. Patient plasma was used to determine its effects on an in vitro 5-day growth/viability of three B-cell cell lines (OSU-CLL, Daudi, and Farage). Plasma exosomal miRNA profiles, circulating lipids, lipoproteins, inflammation levels, and immune cell phenotypes were also assessed. CLL-FIT was associated with fewer viable OSU-CLL cells at Day 1 (p = 0.003), Day 4 (p = 0.001), and Day 5 (p = 0.009). No differences between the groups were observed for Daudi and Farage cells. Of 455 distinct exosomal miRNAs identified, 32 miRNAs were significantly different between the groups. Of these, 14 miRNAs had ≤−1 or ≥1 log2 fold differences. CLL-FIT patients had five exosomal miRNAs with lower expression and nine miRNAs with higher expression. CLL-FIT patients had higher HDL cholesterol, lower inflammation, and lower levels of triglyceride components (all p < 0.05). CLL-FIT patients had lower frequencies of low-differentiated NKG2+/CD158a/bneg (p = 0.015 and p = 0.014) and higher frequencies of NKG2Aneg/CD158b+ mature NK cells (p = 0.047). The absolute number of lymphocytes, including CD19+/CD5+ CLL-cells, was similar between the groups (p = 0.359). Higher physical fitness in CLL patients is associated with altered CLL-like cell line growth in vitro and with altered circulating and cellular factors indicative of better immune functions and tumor control.

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“…During the treatment naïve period, patients with CLL can have low overall fitness and physical dysfunction, both of which predict poor survival following commencement of treatment [12]. To-date, we are aware of no studies that have assessed the role physical fitness has on underlying pathophysiological factors of CLL [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher physical fitness and physical activity levels for lymphoma patients are associated with improvements in therapy-related side effects, physical functioning, and quality of life [13][14][15]. Although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, these effects can be partly explained by systemic changes or differences in host pathways including metabolism, inflammation and immune function that promote a less carcinogenic milieu [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Physical Fitness Regulates In Vitro Tumor Cell Growth in Older Adults with Treatment Naïve Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Sitlinger

Garcia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with physical dysfunction and low overall fitness that predicts poor survival following commencement of treatment. However, it remains unknown whether higher fitness in CLL patients provides anti-oncogenic effects. We identified ten fit (CLL-FIT) and ten less fit (CLL-UNFIT) treatment-naive CLL patients from 144 CLL patients who completed a set of physical fitness and performance tests. Patient plasma was used to determine its effects on in vitro 5-day growth/viability of three B-cell cell lines (OSU-CLL, Daudi and Farage). Plasma exosomal miRNA profiles, circulating lipids, lipoproteins, inflammation levels, and immune cell phenotypes were also assessed. CLL-FIT was associated with fewer viable OSU-CLL cells at Day 1 (p=0.003), Day 4 (p=0.001) and Day 5 (p=0.009). No differences between groups were observed for Daudi and Farage cells. Of 455 distinct exosomal miRNAs identified, 32 miRNAs were significantly different between groups. Of these, 14 miRNAs had ≤-1 or ≥1 log2 fold differences. CLL-FIT patients had 5 exosomal miRNAs with lower expression and 9 miRNAs with higher expression. CLL-FIT patients had higher HDL cholesterol, lower inflammation, and lower levels of triglyceride components (all p<0.05). CLL-FIT patients had lower frequencies of low-differentiated NKG2+/CD158a/bneg (p=0.015 and p=0.014) and higher frequencies of NKG2Aneg/CD158b+ mature NK-cells (p=0.047). Absolute numbers of lymphocytes including CD19+/CD5+ CLL-cells were similar between groups (p=0.359). Higher physical fitness in CLL patients is associated with altered CLL-like cell line growth in vitro, and with altered circulating and cellular factors indicative of better immune functions and tumor control.

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Impact of exercise on the immune system and outcomes in hematologic malignancies

Cited by 45 publications

References 105 publications

Returning to Sport: Female Athletes Living With and Beyond Cancer

Returning to Sport: Female Athletes Living With and Beyond Cancer

Physiological Fitness and the Pathophysiology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Higher Physical Fitness Regulates In Vitro Tumor Cell Growth in Older Adults with Treatment Naïve Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

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