Impact of Extreme Temperature and Soil Water Stress on the Growth and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

Abstract

Climate change is a major environmental stressor that would adversely affect tropical agriculture, which is largely rain-fed. Associated with climate change is an increasing trend in temperature and decline in rainfall, leading to prolonged and repeated droughts. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of climate variables such as temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil water on the phenology, biomass, and grain yield of soybean crops. A greenhouse experiment was set in a split plot design with three average environmental conditions as the main plots: E1 (36 °C, RH = 55%), E2 (34 °C, RH = 57%) and E3 (33 °C, RH = 44%). Additionally, there were three water treatments: W1 (near saturation), W2 (Field capacity), and W3 (soil water deficit) and two soybean varieties (Afayak and Jenguma). These treatments were replicated nine times. The results showed that high temperatures (E1) accelerated the crop development, particularly at flowering. Additionally, increased atmospheric demand for water under a high temperature environment resulted in high evapotranspiration, leading to high transpiration which probably reduced photosynthetic activity of the plants and thereby contributing to biomass and grain yield loss. Biomass and yield were drastically reduced for the combined effect of high temperature (E1) and drought (W3) as compared to combined effect of ambient temperature (E3) and well-watered condition (W1). Increasing temperatures and erratic rainfall distributions associated with climate change poses a potential threat to the soybean production in Ghana.

Evaluation of Growth, Physiological, and Quality Parameters on Seed Yield of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

“…CCI Showed a positive correlation with yield per plant and negative with oil% and protein%, oil% and protein% showed a negative correlation with LAI, LAD, CCI, and seed yield per plant. Similar results were obtained by Adetokunbo et al [4], Upadhyay et al [5], Mehra et al [6], Weerasekara et al [7], Ogunkanmi et al [8], Soni et al [9], showed similar results .…”

Evaluation of Agricultural Water Resources Carrying Capacity and Its Influencing Factors: A Case Study of Townships in the Arid Region of Northwest China

“…The balance of water supply and demand depends on certain temporal and spatial scales and is largely affected by climatic factors and human activities [66,67]. Climate change is expected to affect the water supply and the water demand (especially agricultural demand) under economic and social development in a region [68,69]. The limitation of this paper is that climate change factors are not included in the research framework of agricultural WRCC.…”

Impact of harvesting timing and drying methods on yield attributes of wheat variety tj-83

“…Drought, resulting from low rainfall or high temperature, is an uneven phenomenon that affects plants differently depending on the stage of development when the drought occurs [8]. Wheat is sensitive to high temperatures during most reproductive stages on the other hand, rainfall is often limited and temperatures high during the grain-filling period, and water stress during this period is therefore one of the main production constraints in these environments [9]. Lack of water around an thesis can lead to reduced yields by reducing the number of spikes and spikelets and the fertility of the surviving spikelets, and from an thesis to maturity, particularly if accompanied by high temperatures, leaf ageing is accelerated, the duration and rate of grain filling is reduced, leading to a reduction in average kernel weight and dry matter accumulation [10].…”