Impact of fiber loss on two-soliton states: Substantial changes in eigenvalue spectrum

Abstract

The impact of power loss on fiber-optic solitons and soliton compounds has regained interest recently, as coding schemes employing inverse scattering eigenvalues are being discussed. Loss lifts the integrability of the underlying nonlinear Schrödinger equation and has usually been treated by perturbation analysis. Our approach uses localized loss of arbitrary strength. We investigate two-soliton compounds including the N = 2 soliton and show that loss causes severe qualitative modifications of the eigenvalue spectrum. Peculiar features include power redistribution between solitons so that one of them is actually enhanced by loss and conversion of solitons at rest into a pair with outward velocities. Earlier reports of such features are put into context. We argue that frequency splitting of soliton pairs requires a mechanism that renders the spectrum double-lobed (or multiply lobed) and that the bifurcation is defined by a balance between dispersive and nonlinear forces. Implications for eigenvalue-based communication formats are pointed out.

Self-trapped quantum walks

“…restricted to some configurations of quantum gates. This behavior is consistent with the dispersive character associated with the distribution of quantum gates on the lattice [44], since the emergence and dynamics of soliton-like structures are associated to balancing between nonlinearity and linear correlation (dispersion,diffraction, diffusion) effects [1,[3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In order to provide a broader and accurate description, we explore the asymptotic regime of IPR(t) and SP(t) for distinct θ settings.…”

“…Among the most interesting subjects related to nonlinearity are the self-trapping states. When associated to delocalized modes, initial excitations display as signature a propagation without spreading (shape preserving), due to balancing between nonlinearity and linear correlation (dispersion, diffraction, diffusion) effects [1,[3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, the absence of propagation are also a remarkable effect of self-trapping states.…”

“…Both scenarious have been widely studied in different areas. In the context of optical fibers, for example, the employment of soliton-like features for optical communications has been studied [13][14][15][16]. Soliton and soliton-like structures have also been reported as underlying mechanisms of charge carrier transport of conducting polymers [11,12,[18][19][20].…”

Chirped soliton fission and fusion in dispersion oscillating fibers

“…In presented approach the ZSSP ( 9) is only used as a tool for analysis of the numerical solution A(z s , t). Similar approach was applied for analysis of the soliton dynamics in supercontinuum generation [16], soliton fission under effect of localized losses [9,10].…”

“…Inelastic interaction between solitons and soliton fission arizes when integrability of NLSE is violated. For example, break up of multisoliton bound state can be induced by localized losses [9,10], nonlocal nonlinearity [11], interaction with periodic structure [12,13], Raman scattering and high-order dispersion [14]. Dispersion variation [15] or third-order dispersion in optical fibers [16] can stimulate generation of high-intensity pulses by means of soliton fusion.…”