Impact of filler geometry and surface chemistry on the degree of reinforcement and thermal stability of nitrile rubber nanocomposites

Thomas, P. C.; Thomas, Selvin P.; George, Gejo; Thomas, Sabu; Joseph, Kuruvilla

doi:10.1007/s10965-011-9651-1

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The main factors of mechanical energy dissipation of the tip and consequent phase change are the viscoelastic, adhesive and topographical properties of the region being examined. In addition, it allows to obtain new information about the polymers surface such as tribological data [3] , local contaminants [6] , morphology [17, , distribution of phases in blends and composites [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] , compatibility between the phases of polymer blends and interaction between nanocomposites phases [48][49][50][51][52][53][54] , polymeric chains conformation [7,38] , cross-link density [55][56][57] , dispersion of fillers in the polymeric matrix [10,12,16,48,49,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] , among other applications.…”

Section: De Sousa F D B; Scuracchio C H -The Use Of Atomic Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thomas et al [61] analyzed the properties of NBR nanocomposites reinforced with fillers such as layered silicate (LS), calcium phosphate (CP) and titanium dioxide (TO). According to the authors, TEM and AFM images revealed the presence of well-dispersed silicate layers in the NBR matrix in comparison to CP and TO fillers indicating, further, that the silicate layers had a more pronounced reinforcement effect on NBR compared to CP and TO fillers.…”

Section: De Sousa F D B; Scuracchio C H -The Use Of Atomic Formentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of atomic force microscopy as an important technique to analyze the dispersion of nanometric fillers and morphology in nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers

Sousa

Scuracchio

2014

Polímeros

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AFM has been recognized as one of the most powerful tools for the analysis of surface morphologies because it creates three-dimensional images at angstrom and nano scale. This technique has been exhaustively used in the analyses of dispersion of nanometric components in nanocomposites and in polymer blends, because of the easiness of sample preparation and lower equipment maintenance costs compared to electron microscopy. In this review, contributions using AFM are described, with emphasis on the dispersion of nanofillers in polymeric matrices. It is aimed to show the importance of technical analysis for nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers.

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Section: De Sousa F D B; Scuracchio C H -The Use Of Atomic Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: De Sousa F D B; Scuracchio C H -The Use Of Atomic Formentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of atomic force microscopy as an important technique to analyze the dispersion of nanometric fillers and morphology in nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers

Sousa

Scuracchio

2014

Polímeros

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“…The shapes of Si and CB filler particulates and the layered shape of MC and GP fillers were also clearly observed. It is known that gas permeability through a polymer composite is closely dependent on polymer structure, filler nature, and filler loading [21][22][23]. Therefore, permeation coefficients through rubber composites for different rubber materials, filler natures, and filler loadings were determined in detail.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport behavior of R134a refrigerant through rubber composites

2015

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The transport behavior of commercial R134a (1, 1,1,2-tetrafuoroethane) refrigerant including its permeability, adsorption, and diffusion through rubber composites were investigated. Butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (NBR), brominated butyl rubber (BIIR), and epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO) were used as a matrix, while silica, carbon black, mica sheet, and graphite were used as fillers in the present study. The effects of rubber structure and geometry, surface polarity, as well as loading of filler on transport behavior were studied to correlate transport parameters with the rubber structure and filler nature. The R134a permeation in rubber composites was largely dominated by diffusion rather than solubility. The polarities of rubber and filler played dominant roles in determining the solubility, whereas the structure of rubber and the shape and loading of filler exerted a stronger effect on diffusion than solubility. Nonpolar and layered graphite-filled BIIR rubber composites showed the lowest permeability to R134a. Additionally, shell-like free volume theory was applied to reasonably explain R134a transport behavior.

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“…40 The existence of intercalated/exfoliated structures in the NBR nanocomposites was found out using X-ray diffraction. 41 The extent of intercalation/exfoliation of polymer matrix in presence of fillers is supported by transmission electron microscopy images of the samples. 41 The scanning electron microscopic images of the samples with different fillers clearly reveal the agglomeration tendency of CP and TO fillers in comparison with LS filler.…”

Section: Rheological Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

Dynamic mechanical and rheological properties of nitrile rubber nanocomposites based on TiO₂, Ca₃(PO₄)₂and layered silicate

Thomas¹,

Jose²,

George³

et al. 2013

Journal of Composite Materials

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The viscoelastic properties such as damping behaviour, storage and loss modulus, etc. of polymer composites depend on matrix filler interaction, crystallinity and the extent of crosslinking. It was observed that the storage modulus of the composites increased with the addition of filler due to the enhancement in stiffness of the material. The damping behaviour was found to decrease as a function of filler loading and this was attributed to the restricted movement of the polymer segments. The higher surface area to volume ratio factor of the layered silicate resulted in the better interaction between the polymer matrix and the filler, which resulted in the change in glass transition temperature. The flow properties were studied with special reference to filler loading of different fillers at a specified temperature. It was observed that complex viscosity of filled systems is higher than that of unfilled system. Among the fillers, layered silicate filled systems showed higher viscosity in comparison with calcium phosphate and titanium dioxide fillers.

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Impact of filler geometry and surface chemistry on the degree of reinforcement and thermal stability of nitrile rubber nanocomposites

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

The use of atomic force microscopy as an important technique to analyze the dispersion of nanometric fillers and morphology in nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers

The use of atomic force microscopy as an important technique to analyze the dispersion of nanometric fillers and morphology in nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers

Transport behavior of R134a refrigerant through rubber composites

Dynamic mechanical and rheological properties of nitrile rubber nanocomposites based on TiO₂, Ca₃(PO₄)₂and layered silicate

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Impact of filler geometry and surface chemistry on the degree of reinforcement and thermal stability of nitrile rubber nanocomposites

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

The use of atomic force microscopy as an important technique to analyze the dispersion of nanometric fillers and morphology in nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers

The use of atomic force microscopy as an important technique to analyze the dispersion of nanometric fillers and morphology in nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers

Transport behavior of R134a refrigerant through rubber composites

Dynamic mechanical and rheological properties of nitrile rubber nanocomposites based on TiO2, Ca3(PO4)2and layered silicate

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Dynamic mechanical and rheological properties of nitrile rubber nanocomposites based on TiO₂, Ca₃(PO₄)₂and layered silicate