Impact of Fuel Detergent Type and Concentration on the Rate and Severity of Stochastic Preignition in a Turbocharged Spark Ignition Direct Injection Gasoline Engine

Chapman, Elana; Studzinski, William; Monroe, Rebecca; Tolou, Ati; Wagle, Mangrish; Ciaravino, Joseph; Tomazic, Dean

doi:10.4271/2021-01-0490

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…U.S. market fuels, although not used in certification testing, require a minimum detergent concentration [42,43]. It is clear that the use of deposit control additives can assist in minimizing PM/PN emissions by controlling intake valve and fuel injector deposits, which hinder fuel-air mixing and thus increase the potential to form PM [44,45]. Additionally, some additives may be carried in a heavy hydrocarbon suspension and not consumed in the combustion process, which could increase PM.…”

Section: Pm and Pn Emissions Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review and Perspective on Particulate Matter Indices Linking Fuel Composition to Particulate Emissions from Gasoline Engines

Leach¹,

Chapman²,

Jetter³

et al. 2021

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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Particulate matter (PM) indices-those linking PM emissions from gasoline engines to the composition and properties of the fuel-have been a topic of significant study over the last decade. It has long been known that fuel composition has a significant impact on particulate emissions from gasoline engines. Since gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines have become the market-leading technology, this has become more significant because the evaporative behavior of fuel increases in importance. Several PM indices have been developed to provide metrics describing this behavior and correlating PM emissions. In this article, 16 different PM indices are identified and collected-to the authors' knowledge, all of the indices are available at the time of writing. The indices are reviewed and discussed in the context of the information required to calculate them, as well as their utility. The authors believe that there is a need for indices that provide both a detailed and robust correlation, as well as those that are less sophisticated yet sufficient for specific use cases. Future research is suggested to guide the technical community toward improvements in the indices' methods and equations for both high and low fidelity and high and low time investment.

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Section: Pm and Pn Emissions Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review and Perspective on Particulate Matter Indices Linking Fuel Composition to Particulate Emissions from Gasoline Engines

Leach¹,

Chapman²,

Jetter³

et al. 2021

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, at part-loads, the interest towards ultra-lean mixtures led to an increase of the combustion Cycle-To-Cycle Variability (CCV), due to the stochastic nature of turbulent flow structures interacting with a flame front which is easy to quench [12,13]. Therefore, high CCV values are an important limiting factor for the SI engine design, because associated with potential knocking phenomena (lower thermal efficiency) [14,15] and misfiring events (enhanced unburned hydrocarbon emissions) [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Effects of the Ignition System on the CCV of Ultra-Lean SI Engines using a CFD RANS Approach

Sforza¹,

Lucchini²,

Montenegro³

et al. 2021

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Cycle-To-Cycle Variability (CCV) must be properly considered when modeling the ignition process in SI engines operating with ultra-lean mixtures. In this work, a strategy to model the impact of the ignition type on the CCV was developed using the RANS approach for turbulence modelling, performing multi-cycle simulations for the powercycle only. The spark-discharge was modelled through a set of Lagrangian particles, introduced along the sparkgap and interacting with the surrounding Eulerian gas flow. Then, at each discharge event, the velocity of each particle was modified with a zero-divergence perturbation of the velocity field with respect to average conditions. Finally, the particles velocity was evolved according to the Simplified Langevin Model (SLM), which keeps memory of the initial perturbation and applies a Wiener process to simulate the stochastic interaction of each channel particle with the surrounding gas flow. The particles diameter was also evolved, according to both the energy transfer from the electrodes and the local stretched laminar flame speed. The proposed methodology was assessed against experimental measurements from a pent-roof high-tumble single-cylinder SI engine, equipped with an electrical circuit able to provide both standard and enhanced discharge events. Promising results were achieved in terms of predicted IMEP and its CoV.

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Assessing the Importance of Injector Cleanliness in Minimising Particulate Emissions in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Cracknell¹,

Aradi²,

Chahal³

et al. 2022

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Impact of Fuel Detergent Type and Concentration on the Rate and Severity of Stochastic Preignition in a Turbocharged Spark Ignition Direct Injection Gasoline Engine

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

A Review and Perspective on Particulate Matter Indices Linking Fuel Composition to Particulate Emissions from Gasoline Engines

A Review and Perspective on Particulate Matter Indices Linking Fuel Composition to Particulate Emissions from Gasoline Engines

Modeling the Effects of the Ignition System on the CCV of Ultra-Lean SI Engines using a CFD RANS Approach

Assessing the Importance of Injector Cleanliness in Minimising Particulate Emissions in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

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