Impact of Gender Equality on Socio-Economic Development of Kazakhstan

Abstract

Achieving gender equality in the 21st Century is one of the global priorities of every state. The Republic of Kazakhstan on its way of development also focuses on this problem, because gender equality is the basis for the economic and social development of the state. International organisations prepare reports reflecting indices (gender gap index, gender inequality index, gender development index and others) which characterise the state of equality between men and women in different countries. It was established that Kazakhstan had practically reached gender equality at the stage of education. Even the first steps towards market reforms showed the unequal impact of the socioeconomic transformation on the position of men and women in society. The transition to the market was followed, on the one hand, by the curtailment of social programmes and the social sphere, and on the other hand, by an increase of labour force requirements. Under these conditions, women who traditionally bear family care, were more disadvantaged than men, both in the family and in the workplace. Democratic reforms in the post-Soviet societies created the conditions for more active participation of women in the political and economic life of the country, securing them more rights and freedoms, yet there has been a sharp deterioration in the status of women, an increase of female unemployment, the feminisation of poverty, the displacement of women in the informal economy and increase of domestic labour. Determined that the Gender Gap Index affects the gross domestic product per capita which is one of the indicators characterising the economic condition of the state. The greater the gender gap index is, the smaller is the inequality between the sexes and the higher GDP per capita is. The article presents a correlation-regression analysis which characterises the interrelation of gender equality indicators with economic indicators.

Global Trends of Gender Studies in Tourism: a Bibliometric Analysis Using Scopus Database

“…Women's participation in leadership is measured by indicators such as their employment in the labor market, education, the wage gap, and participation in parliament (Kireyeva et al, 2021). The Republic of Kazakhstan strongly emphasises gender equality as it develops because it is the cornerstone of the nation's economic and social progress (Mukhamadiyeva et al, 2019). However, the growth of female entrepreneurship occurs while maintaining their insignificance in terms of turnover and number of employees (Satpayeva et al, 2020).…”

Factors contributing to and preventing mothers of children 1-6 aged from participating in the labour market in Kazakhstan

“…The majority of current research conducted on female employment in Kazakhstan is dedicated to a topic of gender inequality and discrimination (e.g. Omarova et al 2017;Khamzina et al 2020;Mukhamadiyeva et al 2019;Bidaishiyeva et al 2018). There is a scarcity of studies based on primary data that would demonstrate obstacles women face in the labor market after having children.…”

Determinan Curahan Jam Kerja Perempuan Kepala Rumah Tangga Di Jawa Timur

“…Peningkatan TPAK perempuan menjadi salah satu indikator adanya kesetaraan gender (Mukhamadiyeva, et al, 2019). Hal ini terjadi karena adanya peningkatan tingkat pendidikan.…”