Impact of Geo-Distribution and Mining Pools on Blockchains: A Study of Ethereum

A user-oriented model for Oracles’ Gas price prediction

“…The API is available at the following online address https://www.blockcypher.com/dev/. As the Ethereum network is distributed, not all miners receive the same transactions at the same time, therefore some nodes might store more transactions than others at some time [27]. Furthermore, every node can be a miner with different hardware and software features and miners might have different RAM capacity to store pending transactions.…”

Characterizing the Impact of Network Delay on Bitcoin Mining

“…The mining pools normally maintain some full nodes in the P2P overlay as the front end to exchange messages with other pools/miners. The main properties of cryptocurrency P2P networks, such as their network size, node degree distribution, and connectivity, have been widely studied [2,10,11,28,29]. Existing measurements (as we have introduced in Section II) rely on the P2P overlay network to evaluate the block propagation delay, which cannot reflect the delays of pools, mainly because of the unknown IP addresses of pools' front end nodes and network churn.…”

Blockchain Layer Zero: Characterizing the Bitcoin Network through Measurements, Models, and Simulations

“…While early entries were mainly concerned with the network topology and block propagation behavior [3,31], more recent contributions measured the latency, bandwidth [29,32], and mining power distributions [18,33,34], as well as the node churn [29,35] exhibited by the Bitcoin network. Moreover, the peerto-peer networks of Ethereum [17,32,36], Zcash [20], and Monero [37] have been explored in literature. However, most entries do not entail recent measurement results that consider the current state of blockchain network provisioning.…”