Impact of Governor Deadband on Frequency Response of the U.S. Eastern Interconnection

Kou, Gefei; Markham, Penn; Hadley, Stanton W.; King, Tom; Li, Fangxing

doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2435258

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Therefore, in a pessimistic case, generation loss of up to 851 MW will not cause any primary frequency response because of presence of deadband. In that case, the responsibility of correcting the system frequency would ultimately rest with the slow-acting secondary frequency controllers and thus frequency response would deteriorate [2].…”

Section: B Estimating Primary Frequency Reserve Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been noted in one study that more than 50% plants in North America have inadequate information about turbine-governor time constants and other important parameters [1]. As a result, the simulated frequency response differs from the actual response following disturbances [2]. The primary frequency response (PFR) of the utilities may reduce because of diminishing inertia due to penetration of non-synchronous type generation into the system, lesser number of generators participating in frequency control, and ageing governor systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods, however, reported gross estimation errors with dead-band and other nonlinearities [7]. It was shown in [2] that inclusion of an intentional deadband in the governor simulation models improves the matching between the simulated and actual PFR. This is, however, not always a practical option.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the Multiregional Modeling Working GroupTennessee Valley Authority (MMWG-TVA) model has 3000+ machines with a total capacity of 591 GW. Out of the 3000+ generators, 45.42 of the total generation capacity is attached with active governors and 92.07 of these generators have four basic types of governors-IEEEG1, IEEESGO, TGOV1 and GAST [2]. There is no scope for including unintentional governor deadband in these models and/as very often the information is unavailable [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of Inherent Governor Dead-Band and Regulation Using Unscented Kalman Filter

Bhui

Senroy

Singh

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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Abstract-The inclusion of the governor droop and dead-band in dynamic models helps to reproduce the measured frequency response accurately and is a key aspect of model validation. Often, accurate and detailed turbine-governor information are not available for various units in an area control centre. The uncertainty in the droop also arise from the nonlinearity due to the governor valves. The droop and deadband are required to tune the secondary frequency bias factors, and to determine the primary frequency reserve. Earlier research on droop estimation did not adequately take into account the effect of dead-band and other nonlinearities. In this paper, unscented Kalman filter is used in conjunction with continuously available measurements to estimate the governor droop and the dead-band width. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through simulations.

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Section: B Estimating Primary Frequency Reserve Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of Inherent Governor Dead-Band and Regulation Using Unscented Kalman Filter

Bhui

Senroy

Singh

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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“…11 While subject to some events like generator tripping and load variation, power system responds according to its inherent characteristic that all connected equipment operate in a closed-loop under droop control when the regulation of generators in open-loop is not applied. 17 However, the time cost is fairly high for a large-scale grid with detailed and complicated model. It accords with the practical situation, but more variables are brought into computation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution of dynamic power flow technique considering governor nonlinearity

Fan¹,

Chen²,

Wang

et al. 2019

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary An improved dynamic power flow (DPF) model considering governor nonlinearity is presented. The proposed DPF model is intended for the analysis of post‐contingency power flow after primary frequency regulation. During the regulation process, the governors play an important role while it is difficult to involve the nonlinear segments in the static method. So in this paper, the governor model with amplitude‐limit and deadband is simplified and included in DPF model. Using the describing function method, the effect of deadband is equivalent to an increment of regulation coefficient. The amplitude‐limit is handled by iterative correction. Applying the algorithm to a three‐node system, a case study of load variation proves the effectiveness of the algorithm. Simulations on a practical grid in southern China further demonstrates the practicability and applicability. The algorithm enhances the accuracy of post‐contingency power flow analysis and provides effective analysis for the static security of power system.

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AGC of a multiarea system incorporating accurate HVDC and precise wind turbine systems

Babu

Saikia

2019

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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This article highlights the dynamic model of an accurate high‐voltage direct current (AHVDC) using inertia emulation control strategy of a transmission line in automatic generation control (AGC) of a multiarea different source system. The three‐area system composes of thermal and precise wind turbine system using fixed and random wind velocities in areas 1 and 2. Area 3 composes of thermal and solar thermal power plants. Governor dead band and appropriate generation rate constraints are considered for thermal systems. A new fractional‐order cascaded controller named as fractional‐order proportional‐integral cascaded with fractional‐order integral derivative with filter (FOPI‐FOIDN) is used as a secondary controller. The controller gains and other parameters are optimized by using crow search algorithm in AGC studies for the first time. Comparison of system dynamics with various fractional‐order controllers and proposed FOPI‐FOIDN controller while considering one at a time reveals better dynamic performance of the latter. Comparison of dynamic response of the system with AC tie‐line, AHVDC tie‐line, and parallel combination of AC‐AHVDC tie‐lines while considering one at a time reveals better performance of the latter. The optimum location of AHVDC tie‐line in parallel AC tie‐line is found in the area where the system is disturbed.

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Impact of Governor Deadband on Frequency Response of the U.S. Eastern Interconnection

Cited by 58 publications

References 17 publications

Estimation of Inherent Governor Dead-Band and Regulation Using Unscented Kalman Filter

Estimation of Inherent Governor Dead-Band and Regulation Using Unscented Kalman Filter

Solution of dynamic power flow technique considering governor nonlinearity

AGC of a multiarea system incorporating accurate HVDC and precise wind turbine systems

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