Impact of Gut Microbiota and Microbiota-Related Metabolites on Hyperlipidemia

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia, defined as the presence of excess fat or lipids in the blood, has been considered as a high-risk factor and key indicator of many metabolic diseases. The gut microbiota has been reported playing a vital role in regulating host lipid metabolism. The pathogenic role of gut microbiota in the development of hyperlipidemia has been revealed through fecal microbiota transplantation experiment to germ-free mice. The effector mechanism of microbiota-related metabolites such as bile acids, lipopolysaccharide, and short-chain fatty acids in the regulation of hyperlipidemia has been partially unveiled. Moreover, studies on gut-microbiota-targeted hyperlipidemia interventions, including the use of prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and natural herbal medicines, also have shown their efficacy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. In this review, we summarize the relationship between gut microbiota and hyperlipidemia, the impact of gut microbiota and microbiota-related metabolites on the development and progression of hyperlipidemia, and the potential therapeutic management of hyperlipidemia targeted at gut microbiota.

Maternal Supplementation of Probiotics, Prebiotics or Postbiotics to Prevent Offspring Metabolic Syndrome: The Gap between Preclinical Results and Clinical Translation

“…Moreover, other gut-microbiota metabolites such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), long-chain fatty acid and bile acids (BAs) have also been linked to the MetS traits. LPS could induce low-grade inflammation, which features obesity and insulin resistance [ 119 ]. Another report showed that long chain fatty acids derived by gut microbes could be one of the mechanisms implicated in the anti-inflammatory properties of probiotics [ 120 ].…”

Cephalosporins-induced intestinal dysbiosis exacerbated pulmonary endothelial barrier disruption in streptococcus pneumoniae-infected mice

“…Gut microbiota is composed of various microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses and fungi in the intestine, and their living environment, which affect the physiological functions and pathological changes of host cells ( Chen et al., 2021 ). The intestinal microbiota has been taken attention increasingly because of its crucial roles in human immunity, metabolism, endocrine, neurodegeneration and other physiological processes ( Michaudel and Sokol, 2020 ; Jia et al., 2021 ; Murciano-Brea et al., 2021 ; Xu et al., 2020 ). Patients with respiratory diseases, including allergic asthma, acute lung injury, pulmonary fibrosis, and bacterial infection, often have drastic changes of the proportion and function of intestinal and lung microbiota ( Zhou et al., 2021 ).…”

Global trends in research on irritable bowel syndrome and the brain–gut axis: Bibliometrics and visualization analysis

“…Furthermore, GM after bariatric surgery (BS) appears to impact appetite regulation and satiety energy balance, thereby affecting weight control and metabolism ( Martinou et al, 2022 ). Moreover, there is growing evidence that several natural herbs can effectively improve dyslipidemia by regulating gut flora ( Jia et al, 2021 ), though their metabolic benefits and mechanisms are still not fully understood.…”