Impact of Harvest Time and Pruning Technique on Total CBD Concentration and Yield of Medicinal Cannabis

Massuela, Danilo Crispim; Hartung, Jens; Munz, Sebastian; Erpenbach, Federico; Graeff‐Hönninger, Simone

doi:10.3390/plants11010140

Cited by 28 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The Sea of Green technique, or SoG, consists of a higher dense cultivation [69,72] that aims to produce as many plants as possible per square meter, so small pots are used with greater depth and less width. The objective of this technique is to accelerate the vegetative phase and induce early flowering.…”

Section: Phytocannabinoids Production and Management Techniques In Ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association between SoG and pruning (removal of side shoots) may favor the automatization of the harvest process (e.g., using electric tumbler blade trimmers). In this case, a lower yield per plant can be overcome by a higher yield per area [72]. The main differences between these techniques are the use of the screen, the duration of the vegetative cycle (which is longer for the ScroG technique), and the number of plants grown per area.…”

Section: Phytocannabinoids Production and Management Techniques In Ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabis sativa L.: Crop Management and Abiotic Factors That Affect Phytocannabinoid Production

et al. 2022

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The main characteristic of Cannabis sativa L. is the production of compounds of medicinal interest known as phytocannabinoids. Environmental factors and crop management practices are directly related to the yield of these compounds. Knowing how these factors influence the production of phytocannabinoids is essential to promote greater metabolite yield and stability. In this review, we aim to examine current cannabis agronomic research topics to identify the available information and the main gaps that need to be filled in future research. This paper introduces the importance of C. sativa L., approaching state-of-the-art research and evaluating the influence of crop management and environment conditions on yield and phytocannabinoid production, including (i) pruning; (ii) light and plant density; (iii) ontogeny; (iv) temperature, altitude, and CO2 concentration; (v) fertilization and substrate; and (vi) water availability, and presents concluding remarks to shed light on future directions.

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Section: Phytocannabinoids Production and Management Techniques In Ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phytocannabinoids Production and Management Techniques In Ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis sativa L.: Crop Management and Abiotic Factors That Affect Phytocannabinoid Production

et al. 2022

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“…When the pastel hair colour turns to 75% light brown or amber, then inflorescences are ready for the harvest with a total CBD peak of 8.73% [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. However, once the trichome starts looking grey and much of the THC has already degraded to CBN, the harvest time has passed, and the effects of the buds will be sleepy without any psychoactive effects [ 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Harvesting Of Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another method that has been used to determine the best time for the harvest of medicinal Cannabis is examining the physical appearance and budding mass by a digital microscope, 60× magnification via UV and LED light, magnifying glass and photographerloupe [ 49 , 54 , 58 ]. When the Cannabis is small, all the buds ripen simultaneously, but when the plant is larger, the first 3–6 inches of buds ripen before the inner buds [ 56 ]. In general, commercial harvest occurs after plants grow for 8–9 weeks, depending on the strain [ 52 , 56 , 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Harvesting Of Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Harvest Operations to Generate High-Quality Medicinal Cannabis Products: A Systemic Review

2022

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The traditional Cannabis plant as a medicinal crop has been explored for many thousands of years. The Cannabis industry is rapidly growing; therefore, optimising drying methods and producing high-quality medical products have been a hot topic in recent years. We systemically analysed the current literature and drew a critical summary of the drying methods implemented thus far to preserve the quality of bioactive compounds from medicinal Cannabis. Different drying techniques have been one of the focal points during the post-harvesting operations, as drying preserves these Cannabis products with increased shelf life. We followed or even highlighted the most popular methods used. Drying methods have advanced from traditional hot air and oven drying methods to microwave-assisted hot air drying or freeze-drying. In this review, traditional and modern drying technologies are reviewed. Each technology will have different pros and cons of its own. Moreover, this review outlines the quality of the Cannabis plant component harvested plays a major role in drying efficiency and preserving the chemical constituents. The emergence of medical Cannabis, and cannabinoid research requires optimal post-harvesting processes for different Cannabis strains. We proposed the most suitable method for drying medicinal Cannabis to produce consistent, reliable and potent medicinal Cannabis. In addition, drying temperature, rate of drying, mode and storage conditions after drying influenced the Cannabis component retention and quality.

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Discrepancies between validated GC‐FID and UHPLC‐DAD methods for the analysis of Δ‐9‐THC and CBD in dried hemp flowers

Duchateau

Leersnijder

Barhdadi

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Herbal products for smoking containing cannabidiol (CBD) are available as "lowtetrahydrocannabinol cannabis products" in most EU countries. In Belgium, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of these products must be less than 0.2% w/w, which is also the limit for agricultural hemp. For agricultural hemp, the official and only valid method for European regulators is gas-chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (GC-FID). There is no such method, for smoking products.Many of these herbal for smoking products are analyzed as part of their quality control and have certificate of analysis. During surveillance by official labs, discrepancies were seen between the official results and the certificate of analysis. In this study, a GC-FID method based on the European method and an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection (UHPLC-DAD) method were validated and applied for samples analysis in order to investigate these discrepancies.The GC-FID method shows better results for the validation parameters; notably, it has β-expectation tolerance limits within 10% with a β value of 95% while the validated UHPLC-DAD method has β-expectation tolerance limits within 15% with a β value of 90%. Furthermore, the other parameters evaluated are generally better with the GC-FID method. The statistic t test shows that the difference between both methods was significantly different for total-THC, but not significantly different for the total-CBD. The authors state that, as for agricultural hemp, the GC-FID method is to be preferred for the analysis of THC and CBD in products for smoking.

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Impact of Harvest Time and Pruning Technique on Total CBD Concentration and Yield of Medicinal Cannabis

Cited by 28 publications

References 51 publications

Cannabis sativa L.: Crop Management and Abiotic Factors That Affect Phytocannabinoid Production

Cannabis sativa L.: Crop Management and Abiotic Factors That Affect Phytocannabinoid Production

Post-Harvest Operations to Generate High-Quality Medicinal Cannabis Products: A Systemic Review

Discrepancies between validated GC‐FID and UHPLC‐DAD methods for the analysis of Δ‐9‐THC and CBD in dried hemp flowers

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