Impact of Heat Stress on Reproductive Behavior, Performance and Biochemical Parameters of Pigeon: A Trial to Alleviate Heat Stress By Propolis or Wheat Diets.

A Review of The Potential Applications of Propolis in The Malaysian Poultry Industry

“…Propolis supplementation in poultry diets is one of the best substitutes for antibiotic use (Tayeb & Sulaiman, 2014;Hosseini et al, 2016;Shaddel-Tili et al, 2017). Additionally, propolis contains digestive enzymes that improve digestibility and increase bird egg production (Ramadan et al, 2018). It was found that propolis supplementation in poultry diet positively affected metabolism and maintaining good health (Hosseini et al, 2016).…”

“…Several studies have shown that supplementation of natural antioxidants such as propolis is a potential method to minimize the detrimental effects of heat stress in birds (Mahmoud et al, 2017;Gamal et al, 2017;Ramadan et al, 2018;Shaban et al, 2018). Dietary natural antioxidants such as propolis are one of the best methods to resolve the adverse effects of heat stress in broiler meat.…”

“…Moreover, the antioxidant components of propolis, such as flavonoids, act similarly to anabolic agents with estrogenic effects that may alleviate the detrimental effect of heat stress on the reproductivity of pigeons (Vidda et al, 2008). The bioactive compounds of propolis are responsible for their antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal potentials, which play a significant role, especially during heat stress events, by reducing the detrimental oxidative effect, improving bird immunity and health status (Ramadan et al, 2018).…”