Impact of Helicobacter pylori Immunoglobulin G Levels and Atrophic Gastritis Status on Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori (HP) infection is implicated in gastric and extra-gastric diseases. While gastritis-related chronic inflammation represents a known trigger of metabolic disturbances, whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) is affected by gastritis status remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the effect of HP-related gastritis on the risk of MetS.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled patients undergoing screening for MetS between 2014 and 2015. Investigations included HP-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody assays to detect HP infection, and serum pepsinogen assays to evaluate atrophic gastritis status. The risk of MetS was evaluated via multiple logistic regression analyses with two covariates: serum HP infection status (IgG levels) and atrophic gastritis status (two criteria were applied; pepsinogen I/II ratio < 3 or both pepsinogen I levels ≤ 70 μg/L and pepsinogen I/II ratio < 3).ResultsOf 1,044 participants, 247 (23.7%) were HP seropositive, and 62 (6.0%) had MetS. HP seronegative and seropositive patients had similar risks of MetS. On the other hand, AG (defined in terms of serum PG I/II <3) was significant risk of MetS (OR of 2.52 [95% CI 1.05–7.52]). After stratification according to HP IgG concentration, patients with low HP infection status had the lowest MetS risk (defined as an odds ratio [OR] adjusted for age, sex, smoking, drinking and physical activity status). Taking this result as a reference, patients with negative, moderate, and high HP infection status had ORs (with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) of 2.15 (1.06–4.16), 3.69 (1.12–16.7), and 4.05 (1.05–26.8).ConclusionsHP-associated gastritis represents a risk factor for MetS. Research should determine why low and not negative HP infection status is associated with the lowest MetS risk.

Psychological effects of Helicobacter pylori‐associated atrophic gastritis in patients under 50 years: A cross‐sectional study

“…Third, we based our conclusions on models adjusted for relevant metabolic covariates (BMI, MetS, IAFA, and SFA). H. pylori infection and gastric dysfunction were previously shown to cause metabolic disturbance, and our present results indicate that such metabolic alterations are indeed associated with changes in psychological status.…”

Correlation between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Metabolic Abnormality in General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…It is considered that H. pylori infection plays a pathophysiologic role in several endocrine disorders. Numerous studies found an association between H. pylori infection and diabetes [ 24 , 25 ]. Nevertheless, there is no agreement among researchers in this regard.…”

Association between gastrointestinal tract infections and glycated hemoglobin in school children of poor neighborhoods in Port Elizabeth, South Africa

“…pylori infections may also alter host metabolic homeostasis by affecting appetite regulation and energy expenditure through altered balance of ghrelin and leptin secretion, leading to over-eating and metabolic syndrome pathogenesis. The mediating role of gut microbiota alterations remains unknown [ 32 ]. The reported associations between H .…”