Impact of Housing and Community Conditions on Multidimensional Health among Middle- and Low-Income Groups in Hong Kong

Wang, Jionghua; Huang, Bo; Zhang, Ting; Wong, Hung; Huang, Yifan

doi:10.3390/ijerph15061132

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…According to prior research [7][8][9], mental health variables included stress, anxiety, and depression in this paper. For stress, participants were asked "How often do you feel stressed during the last year?"…”

Section: Outcome Variables: Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for mental health, many previous studies have investigated the effects of housing status on self-rated general mental health. According to past research [7][8][9], individuals' mental health can be represented by different aspects such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Yet, mixing these aspects or only using an aggregated index/score (i.e., self-rated general mental health) may not be conducive to clarifying the impacts of housing status on mental health.…”

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between Objective and Subjective Housing Status with Individual Mental Health in Guangzhou, China

Xie

Zhou

Zhang

2021

IJERPH

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Housing is an important social determinant of mental health. However, few studies simultaneously measure the objective housing status (i.e., housing tenure, living space, housing conditions, and housing stability) and subjective housing status (i.e., housing satisfaction) as well as examine their effects on people’s mental health (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression). Thus, using a sample size of 1003 participants by two-stage random sampling survey in Guangzhou, China, this study applies multivariate ordinary least square regression models to comprehensively explore and compare the associations between objective and subjective housing status with mental health, and then analyze the moderating effects of subjective housing status on the relationships between objective housing status and mental health. The findings suggest that there are significant differences in people’s mental health based on different housing status. The subjective housing status can better explain the variances in mental health than objective housing status. Also, subjective housing status may partly mitigate the adverse impacts of objective housing disadvantages on some aspects of an individual’s mental health. Therefore, housing improvement policies and public health initiatives should be designed based on a comprehensive account of objective and subjective housing characteristics as well as their influences on specific aspects of mental health.

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Section: Outcome Variables: Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Objective and Subjective Housing Status with Individual Mental Health in Guangzhou, China

Xie

Zhou

Zhang

2021

IJERPH

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“…In Hong Kong, studies that focused on the association between housing and mental wellbeing are limited, with a few exceptions (Cheung, Tsoi, Wong, & Chung, 2019; Chung et al., 2020; Lam et al., 2015; Ng, Zhang, Ng, Wong, & Lee, 2018; Wang, Huang, Zhang, Wong, & Huang, 2018). In particular, Chung et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of living density with anxiety and stress: A cross‐sectional population study in Hong Kong

Chan

Wong

Chung

et al. 2020

Health Soc Care Community

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This study aims to enrich the comprehension of the effect of living density on anxiety and stress among adults in a global city. A random sample of 1,978 Hong Kong adults was interviewed in a cross‐sectional population study in 2014–2015. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used to investigate the association between housing variables and mental health indicators, namely, anxiety and stress. Logistic regression analysis results have shown that by controlling the confounding effect of demographic variables, income poverty, housing ownership and housing cost, the living density was significantly associated with anxiety and stress of residents. Compared with those living in high density of <7 m2, living in medium density of ≥7 and <13 m2 was significantly associated with lower risk of anxiety (adjusted OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.30–0.88), and the risk was less for those living in low density of ≥13 m2 (adjusted OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23–0.72). Meanwhile, living in low density of ≥13 m2 was significantly associated with a lower risk of stress (adjusted OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.20–0.97). These results highlighted the significant impact of living density on personal anxiety and stress. Moreover, female, younger adults or those living in income poverty were also at risk of anxiety and stress. In conclusion, our findings implied that improving housing policies, such as building public housing with adequate living areas and market regulation of living density of private housing, would help enhance the mental well‐being of residents.

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“…Gou, Xie, and Lu (2018) found that housing environment is the most influential factor and has a negative effect on the overall quality of life for public rental housing residents. Wang, Huang, Zhang, Wong, and Huang (2018) reported that the influence of housing environment on chronic diseases is more sensitive for low-income group than the entire population. Forrest, LaGrange, and Yip (2004) argued that the relationship between the concentration of deprivation and spatial location is not statistically significant.…”

Section: Local Studies In Hong Kongmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of housing factors on deprivation in a world city: The case of Hong Kong

Wong

Chan

2019

Soc Policy Adm

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Hong Kong is a typical example of a world city that faces escalating poverty and housing problems. Problems related to housing are crucial in determining deprivation. By means of hierarchical linear regression on a representative survey of Hong Kong residents in 2014, this study examines the impacts of household income and housing factors on the deprivation of residents in Hong Kong. The study indicates that income level has a crucial effect on the deprivation level of households; whereas housing cost per capita, living area per capita, and living quarter problems significantly influence deprivation. A small interacting effect exists between household income and housing factors, which do not influence the independent effects of living area per capita and living quarter problems on deprivation. For the public rental housing residents, only the effect of living quarter problem on deprivation is significant, whereas for private rental housing residents, living area per capita and living quarter problem have a significant effect. Among all the models, housing expense per capita is a significant factor only in model for overcrowded households. The study recommends that improving the maintenance and renovation schemes for public and private housing with poor living environment is a good strategy to improve housing conditions and deprivation. The study suggests that anti‐poverty policies must consider strategies and measures that can improve the housing factors, including housing expenses, living density and living quarter maintenance problems, especially for those residents with high living density, such as those living in bed spaces, cubicles, and subdivided flats.

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Impact of Housing and Community Conditions on Multidimensional Health among Middle- and Low-Income Groups in Hong Kong

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Associations between Objective and Subjective Housing Status with Individual Mental Health in Guangzhou, China

Associations between Objective and Subjective Housing Status with Individual Mental Health in Guangzhou, China

Association of living density with anxiety and stress: A cross‐sectional population study in Hong Kong

The impacts of housing factors on deprivation in a world city: The case of Hong Kong

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