Impact of Human Activities on Disease-Spreading Mosquitoes in Urban Areas

Duval, Pénélope; Antonelli, P.; Aschan-Leygonie, Christina; Moro, Claire Valiente

doi:10.1007/s11524-023-00732-z

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…Urban areas may have artificial containers such as stormwater drains or discarded containers that can serve as larval habitats. These artificial breeding sites can be influenced by various urbanization-related factors, including pollutants (Guégan et al, 2018) and the urban heat island effect (Duval et al, 2023). Consequently, they may exhibit distinct microbial communities when compared to their counterparts in natural habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of seasonality and developed land cover on Culex mosquito abundance and microbiome diversity

Yan,

Green,

Noel

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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The vectorial capacity of mosquitoes, which influences the dynamics of vector-borne disease transmission, is intricately linked to mosquito abundance and the composition and diversity of their associated microbiomes. However, the influence of environmental factors on mosquito populations and microbiome diversity remains underexplored. Here we examined the effects of seasonality and developed land cover on Culex mosquito abundance and bacterial diversity. Biweekly field sampling of female Culex mosquitoes was conducted using gravid and CDC light traps, spanning summer to autumn across varying developed land cover levels in two urban areas in Central Illinois. Mosquito abundance was assessed by the number of mosquitoes captured per trap night and compared across seasons and developed levels. The mean mosquito abundance for gravid and light traps was 12.96 ± 2.15 and 7.67 ± 1.44, respectively. Notably, higher levels of developed land cover exhibited higher Culex abundance than the low level for light traps, but no significant difference was found between summer and early autumn. In gravid traps, no significant differences were detected across seasons or developed levels. Microbial analysis of the mosquito microbiome revealed that Proteobacteria and Wolbachia, with a mean relative abundance of 80.77 and 52.66% respectively, were identified as the most dominant bacterial phylum and genus. Their relative abundance remained consistent across seasons and developed land cover levels, with negligible variations. Alpha diversity, as measured by observed species, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson, showed slightly higher values in early-autumn compared to late-summer. A notable pattern of bacterial diversity, as indicated by all four diversity indexes, is evident across varying levels of land development. Significantly, high or intermediate developed levels consistently showed reduced alpha diversity when compared to the lower level. This underscores the pronounced impact of anthropogenic ecological disturbances in shaping mosquito microbiomes. Beta diversity analysis revealed no significant dissimilarities in bacterial community composition across seasons and developed levels, although some separation was noted among different levels of developed land cover. These findings highlight the significant role of environmental factors in shaping mosquito abundance and their associated microbiomes, with potential implications for the vectorial capacity in the transmission of vector-borne diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of seasonality and developed land cover on Culex mosquito abundance and microbiome diversity

Yan,

Green,

Noel

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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“…), that they vector [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Human and animal (livestock) cases exceed hundreds of millions per year, resulting in significant social and economic losses, with several million deaths of humans and livestock animals reported annually and even links to certain cancers suspected [ 10 , 11 ]. Both biological and chemical methods have been used to control mosquito populations, with the latter predominating; however, the development of populations resistant to synthetic chemical pesticides and increasing regulatory burdens have shifted some attention to the former category [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a Novel Pythium Species, P. thermoculicivorax, and Trichoderma sp. from Natural Enzootic Mosquito Larval Infections

Joseph,

Darrisaw,

Lloyd

et al. 2024

JoF

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Only a handful of microbial mosquito larval pathogens have been described to date. Sampling several natural enzootic infections of mosquito larvae in southwestern Florida indicated the presence of microbial pathogens capable of extensive larval mortality. A microscopic analysis of one sample site revealed extensive apparent growth of a Pythium-like microbe on mosquito larvae, with the highest degree of infection observed in the siphon and head regions. Structures consistent with sporangia were seen on infected insects after lactophenol blue staining, and higher-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed sporangia and encysted zoospores targeting the head and siphon regions. The isolate was single-colony purified, and molecular identification targeting the ITS and COX1 loci coupled to phylogenetic reconstruction indicated that the isolate belonged to the Pythium genus but was distinct from its closest characterized species, P. inflatum. Morphological features were characterized, with the isolate showing rapid growth on all mycological media tested and relatively high thermotolerance, capable of robust growth at 37 °C; hence, it was designated P. thermoculicivorax. Sampling from a second series of natural infections of mosquito larvae resulted in the molecular identification of three Trichoderma isolates, one with high similarity to T. strigosum and the other two clustering closely with T. asperellum. These data highlight the occurrence of natural enzootic infections of mosquito larvae, potentially as a resource for the identification of new mosquito pathogens.

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“…Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are considered the most significant medically important insects because of their impact on global public health, as they can vectorize a wide range of pathogens, including viruses and parasites, that affect millions of people each year 1 . Effective, cost-efficient, and safe control of these diseases requires the implementation of mosquito population control measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolbachia dominance influences the Culex quinquefasciatus microbiota

Flores,

Lopez,

Cerrudo

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Microorganisms present in mosquitoes and their interactions are key factors affecting insect development. Among them, Wolbachia is closely associated with the host and affects several fitness parameters. In this study, the bacterial and fungal microbiota from two laboratory Culex quinquefasciatus isolines (wild type and tetracycline-cured) were characterized by metagenome amplicon sequencing of the ITS2 and 16S rRNA genes at different developmental stages and feeding conditions. We identified 572 bacterial and 61 fungal OTUs. Both isolines presented variable bacterial communities and different trends in the distribution of diversity among the groups. The lowest bacterial richness was detected in sugar-fed adults of the cured isoline, whereas fungal richness was highly reduced in blood-fed mosquitoes. Beta diversity analysis indicated that isolines are an important factor in the differentiation of mosquito bacterial communities. Considering composition, Penicillium was the dominant fungal genus, whereas Wolbachia dominance was inversely related to that of Enterobacteria (mainly Thorsellia and Serratia). This study provides a more complete overview of the mosquito microbiome, emphasizing specific highly abundant components that should be considered in microorganism manipulation approaches to control vector-borne diseases.

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Impact of Human Activities on Disease-Spreading Mosquitoes in Urban Areas

Cited by 8 publications

References 171 publications

Effects of seasonality and developed land cover on Culex mosquito abundance and microbiome diversity

Effects of seasonality and developed land cover on Culex mosquito abundance and microbiome diversity

Isolation of a Novel Pythium Species, P. thermoculicivorax, and Trichoderma sp. from Natural Enzootic Mosquito Larval Infections

Wolbachia dominance influences the Culex quinquefasciatus microbiota

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