Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Colonization and Seroepidemiology among Zambian Women

Gill, Christopher J.; Mwanakasale, Victor; Fox, Matthew P.; Chilengi, Roma; Tembo, Mathias; Nsofwa, M; Chalwe, Victor; Mwananyanda, Lawrence; Mukwamataba, D; Malilwe, B; Champo, Davies; Macleod, W. Bentley; Thea, Donald M.; Hamer, Davidson H.

doi:10.1086/528806

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…HIV-infected African adults have increased risk of repeat colonization [18], persistently poor control of pneumococcal colonization and as a result high rates of colonization compared to non-infected adults [8]. We propose that increased IgG responses observed in BAL in the HIV-infected group are a consequence of their higher rates of carriage and previous infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Increased IgG but normal IgA anti-pneumococcal protein antibodies in lung of HIV-infected adults

Collins

Batrawy

Gordon

et al. 2013

Vaccine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PspA and pneumolysin (Ply) are important protein vaccine candidates. HIV infection is associated with increased susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia and concomitantly high pneumococcal carriage rates. Pneumococcal exposure is immunizing at the mucosa in healthy adults and so we wished to determine if the increased pneumococcal exposure in HIV-infected adults would be associated with altered pneumococcal specific antibody responses. We measured serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA to PspA and Ply in HIV-infected and healthy age-matched adults.Naturally generated anti-Ply and anti-PspA IgG levels but not IgA were significantly increased in HIV-infected subjects in BAL independent of the hyperglobulinaemia commonly associated with HIV. There was therefore no evidence of a defect in mucosal responses to pneumococcal protein antigens among HIV-infected adults.With regard to future vaccination strategies, simply increasing mucosal anti-pneumococcal protein Ig levels, without addressing functional protective response, is not likely to be effective in preventing pneumococcal pneumonia in HIV-infected individuals.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Increased IgG but normal IgA anti-pneumococcal protein antibodies in lung of HIV-infected adults

Collins

Batrawy

Gordon

et al. 2013

Vaccine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Gill et al reported that HIV-infected African women were 1.9 fold more likely to be colonized by pneumococcus - especially serogroups 6, 19 and 23- than HIV-uninfected women. (16)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferior quantitative and qualitative immune responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants with nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae during the primary series of immunization

Madhi

Violari

Klugman

et al. 2011

Vaccine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Heightened immunogenicity, measured one month after the primary series of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), in African children was previously hypothesized to be due to increased rates of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization during early infancy. Methods We analyzed the effect of selected vaccine-serotype (6B, 19F and 23F) nasopharyngeal colonization prior to the first PCV dose or when colonized for the first time prior to the second or third (2nd/3rd) PCV dose on serotype quantitative and qualitative antibody responses. Results Colonization prior to receiving the first PCV was associated with lower geometric mean antibody concentrations (GMCs) one month after the third dose of PCV and six months later to the colonizing-serotype. Colonized infants also had lower geometric mean titers (GMTs) on opsonophagocytosis activity assay (OPA) and a lower proportion had titers ≥8 against the colonizing serotypes (19F and 23F) post vaccination. Colonization occurring only prior to the 2nd/3rd PCV dose was also associated with lower GMCs and OPA GMTs to the colonizing-serotype. The effect of colonization with serotypes 19F and 23F prior to PCV vaccination had a greater effect on a lower proportion of colonized infants having OPA titers ≥8 than the effect of colonization on the lower proportion with antibody ≥0.35 μg/ml. Conclusion Infant nasopharyngeal colonization at any stage before completing the primary series of PCV vaccination was associated with inferior quantitative and qualitative antibody responses to the colonizing-serotype.

show abstract

“…In their study, sputum lytA qPCR had the best sensitivity and specificity with a cutoff value of 10 5 DNA copies/ml (10). The prevalence and density of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization vary with age, with HIV serostatus, and in different geographic areas (11)(12)(13). It is unknown whether pneumococcal loads in sputum vary in different populations, as they have only been reported for adults in high-income countries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Genomic Load from Sputum Samples and Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in HIV-Infected Adults

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quantitative lytA real-time PCR (rtPCR) results from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs distinguish community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia (CAP) from asymptomatic colonization. The use of an optimized cutoff value improved pneumococcal etiology determination compared to that of traditional diagnostic methods. Here, we compare the utility of lytA rtPCR from induced sputum and from NP swabs. Pneumococcus was considered the cause of CAP in HIV-infected South African adults if blood culture, induced-sputum culture or Gram stain, urine antigen test, or whole-blood lytA rtPCR revealed pneumococcus or if lytA rtPCR from NP swabs gave a result of >8,000 copies/ml. lytA rtPCR was also performed on induced sputum. Pneumococcus was detected by lytA rtPCR from sputum in 149 (67.1%) of 222 patients with available induced sputum, whereas the results of either Gram stain or culture of sputum were positive in 105 of 229 patients (45.9%; P < 0.001). The mean copy numbers from sputum were higher when the sputum cultures were positive than when the sputum cultures were negative (7.9 versus 5.6 log 10 copies/ ml; P < 0.001). Against the composite diagnostic standard, a cutoff value of 10,000 copies/ml for good-quality sputum lytA rtPCR had a sensitivity of 78.1% and a specificity of 80.0%. This cutoff value performed similarly to the previously identified cutoff value of 8,000 copies/ml for NP swab lytA rtPCR (area under the curve receiver operating characteristic [AUC-ROC], 80.4% for sputum of any quality versus 79.6% for NP swabs). The AUC-ROC for good-quality sputum was 83.2%. Overall, lytA rtPCR performs similarly well on induced sputum as on NP swabs for most patients but performs slightly better if good-quality sputum can be obtained. Due to the ease of specimen collection, NP swabs may be preferable for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia.

show abstract

Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection onStreptococcus pneumoniaeColonization and Seroepidemiology among Zambian Women

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Increased IgG but normal IgA anti-pneumococcal protein antibodies in lung of HIV-infected adults

Increased IgG but normal IgA anti-pneumococcal protein antibodies in lung of HIV-infected adults

Inferior quantitative and qualitative immune responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants with nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae during the primary series of immunization

Genomic Load from Sputum Samples and Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in HIV-Infected Adults

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About