“…In terms of environmental impacts, dams strongly alter river hydrological, sediment, hydrochemical, and biological connectivity and continuity (Bednarek, ; Kelly, ; Liro, ; Pestana, Azevedo, Bastos, & Magalhães de Souza, ; Vörösmarty et al, ). In terms of water chemistry, dams and the reservoirs they form are known to disturb river‐water composition (Aristi et al, ; Mantel, Hughes, & Muller, ; Palmer & Okeeffe, ; Pozo, Orive, Fraile, & Basaguren, ; Van Cappellen & Maavara, ) in the following ways: - Dams modify the flow regime in downstream reaches according to their management, and water chemical composition varies with flow (Carling et al, ; Chittoor Viswanathan, Molson, & Schirmer, ; Graf, ).
- Dams modify the chemical weathering rates which are controlled by residence times in watersheds (Brink, Humborg, Sahlberg, Rahm, & Mörth, ; Gao et al, ).
- Reservoirs are physical barriers known to trap suspended materials (Carling et al, ; Eiriksdottir, Oelkers, Hardardottir, & Gislason, ) and likely to concentrate some solutes by evaporation (Kelly, ), but they are also biogeochemically reactive (Garnier, Leporcq, Sanchez, & Philippon, ; Maavara, Dürr, & Van Cappellen, ) and thus likely to affect nutrient cycles.
- Reservoirs are also likely to modify exchanges between groundwater and the river by changing local piezometric gradients (Murgulet, Murgulet, Spalt, Douglas, & Hay, ; Taleb et al, )
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