“…As a result, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and other genetic investigations have focused on large panels of genes, including genetic variants of HLA, PAMPs, cytokines, chemokines, and receptor molecules, as possible causes of variability in the response to antiviral vaccines against hepatitis B, measles, rubella, influenza A, smallpox, anthrax, and mumps [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Similar results were obtained studying the association of antiviral vaccine response with polymorphic variants in cytokine genes, such as TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 IL-10, IL-28, IFNγ [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”