Impact of including the plume rise of vegetation fires in numerical simulations of associated atmospheric pollutants

Freitas, Saulo R.; Longo, Karla M.; Andreae, Meinrat O.

doi:10.1029/2006gl026608

Cited by 126 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Several studies embedded high resolution models or parameterization schemes to resolve the plume-rising process in largescale chemical transport models (Freitas et al, 2006(Freitas et al, , 2007Rio et al, 2010). These studies also found that the injections of biomass-burning emissions into the free troposphere have a large impact on CO concentrations downwind (Freitas et al, 2006(Freitas et al, , 2007. Conversely, Chen et al (2009) found that the injection heights of North American boreal fire emissions had limited impacts on CO concentrations over the downwind areas in North America.…”

Section: Y Jian and T-m Fu: Injection Heights Of Springtime Biomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both studies found that injecting 60 % of the biomass burning emissions directly into the free troposphere in the model improved agreement with downwind CO surface and column measurements, compared to simulations where biomass-burning emissions were released only in the boundary layer. Several studies embedded high resolution models or parameterization schemes to resolve the plume-rising process in largescale chemical transport models (Freitas et al, 2006(Freitas et al, , 2007Rio et al, 2010). These studies also found that the injections of biomass-burning emissions into the free troposphere have a large impact on CO concentrations downwind (Freitas et al, 2006(Freitas et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Y Jian and T-m Fu: Injection Heights Of Springtime Biomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injection heights of springtime biomass-burning plumes over peninsular Southeast Asia and their impacts on long-range pollutant transport

Yuan

2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We analyzed observations from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) to determine the injection heights of biomass-burning smoke plumes over peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA, here defined as Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar) in the spring, with the goal of evaluating the impacts on long-range pollutant transport. We retrieved the heights of 22 000 MISR smoke pixels from 607 smoke plumes over PSEA during February to April of the years 2001-2010. Forty-five percent of the analyzed smoke pixels were above the local mean boundary layer (1 km) at MISR overpass time (10:30 a.m. local time). We used the GEOS-Chem model to simulate the transport of PSEA biomass-burning pollutants in March 2001. On a monthly mean basis, we found that the direct injection of 40 % of the PSEA biomass-burning emissions had little impact on the long-range transport of CO to downwind regions, compared to a control simulation where all biomass-burning emissions were released in the boundary layer. This was because CO at the surface over PSEA was efficiently lifted into the free troposphere by deep convection associated with synoptic-scale weather systems. For pollutants with lifetimes shorter than the synoptic timescale, such as black carbon aerosol (BC), their long-range transport was much more sensitive to the initial plume injection height. The direct injection of NO x from PSEA biomass burning into the free troposphere drove increased formation and transport of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), which in turn led to a small increase in ozone over downwind southern China and the northwestern Pacific. The Pacific subtropical high transported BC emitted from PSEA biomass burning to the marine boundary layer over the tropical northwestern Pacific. We compared our model results to aircraft measurements over the northwestern Pacific during the TRACE-P campaign (March 2001). The direct injection of 40 % of the PSEA biomass-burning pollutants into the free troposphere in the model led to a more pronounced BC peak at 3 km over the northwestern Pacific. Our analysis highlights the point that the injection heights of smoke plumes presents great uncertainty over the interpretation of BC measurements downwind of biomass-burning regions.

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Section: Y Jian and T-m Fu: Injection Heights Of Springtime Biomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Y Jian and T-m Fu: Injection Heights Of Springtime Biomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection heights of springtime biomass-burning plumes over peninsular Southeast Asia and their impacts on long-range pollutant transport

Yuan

2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…As described in the previous section, remote-sensing, aerial, or ground based observations provide fire products and are used in combination with land use (Belward, 1996;Sestini et al, 2003) and carbon fuel (Olson et al, 2000) datasets for selection of appropriate fire properties and to determine in which columns the fires are located, and the plume rise is simulated explicitly. The final height of the plume is then used in the source emission field of the host model to determine the effective injection height where material emitted during the flaming phase would be released and then transported and dispersed by the prevailing winds (Freitas et al, 2006(Freitas et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Plume Rise and Online Estimation Of Injection Heightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of biomass burning in WRF-Chem: impact of wildfires on weather forecasts

et al. 2011

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Abstract.A plume rise algorithm for wildfires was included in WRF-Chem, and applied to look at the impact of intense wildfires during the 2004 Alaska wildfire season on weather simulations using model resolutions of 10 km and 2 km. Biomass burning emissions were estimated using a biomass burning emissions model. In addition, a 1-D, timedependent cloud model was used online in WRF-Chem to estimate injection heights as well as the vertical distribution of the emission rates. It was shown that with the inclusion of the intense wildfires of the 2004 fire season in the model simulations, the interaction of the aerosols with the atmospheric radiation led to significant modifications of vertical profiles of temperature and moisture in cloud-free areas. On the other hand, when clouds were present, the high concentrations of fine aerosol (PM 2.5 ) and the resulting large numbers of Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) had a strong impact on clouds and cloud microphysics, with decreased precipitation coverage and precipitation amounts during the first 12 h of the integration. During the afternoon, storms were of convective nature and appeared significantly stronger, probably as a result of both the interaction of aerosols with radiation (through an increase in CAPE) as well as the interaction with cloud microphysics.

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“…To account for the fireinduced buoyancy of fire emissions, we incorporate the onedimensional plume rise model of Freitas et al (2006). We use the daily GFASv1.1 (Global Fire Assimilation System, Kaiser et al, 2012) data sets for the fire emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of plume rise on the concentrations and atmospheric impacts of biomass burning aerosol

et al. 2016

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Abstract. We quantified the effects of the plume rise of biomass burning aerosol and gases for the forest fires that occurred in Saskatchewan, Canada, in July 2010. For this purpose, simulations with different assumptions regarding the plume rise and the vertical distribution of the emissions were conducted. Based on comparisons with observations, applying a one-dimensional plume rise model to predict the injection layer in combination with a parametrization of the vertical distribution of the emissions outperforms approaches in which the plume heights are initially predefined. Approximately 30 % of the fires exceed the height of 2 km with a maximum height of 8.6 km. Using this plume rise model, comparisons with satellite images in the visible spectral range show a very good agreement between the simulated and observed spatial distributions of the biomass burning plume. The simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) with data of an AERONET station is in good agreement with respect to the absolute values and the timing of the maximum. Comparison of the vertical distribution of the biomass burning aerosol with CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) retrievals also showed the best agreement when the plume rise model was applied. We found that downwelling surface short-wave radiation below the forest fire plume is reduced by up to 50 % and that the 2 m temperature is decreased by up to 6 K. In addition, we simulated a strong change in atmospheric stability within the biomass burning plume.

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Impact of including the plume rise of vegetation fires in numerical simulations of associated atmospheric pollutants

Cited by 126 publications

References 28 publications

Injection heights of springtime biomass-burning plumes over peninsular Southeast Asia and their impacts on long-range pollutant transport

Injection heights of springtime biomass-burning plumes over peninsular Southeast Asia and their impacts on long-range pollutant transport

Inclusion of biomass burning in WRF-Chem: impact of wildfires on weather forecasts

The importance of plume rise on the concentrations and atmospheric impacts of biomass burning aerosol

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