Impact of Indo-Pacific Climate Variability on High Streamflow Events in Mahanadi River Basin, India

Sahu, Netrananda; Panda, Arpita; Nayak, Sridhara; Saini, Atul; Mishra, Manoranjan; Sayama, Takahiro; Sahu, Limonlisa; Duan, Weili; Avtar, Ram; Behera, Swadhin K.

doi:10.3390/w12071952

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The region is served with water mainly by four rivers, the Dithokeng, Mogalakwena Deep pool (Ngwaditse), Rooisloot and the Dorps Rivers, which supply water for various domestic and irrigation purposes [25]. Sahu et al [26] studied the impact of climatic variability on the streamflow of river; therefore, the study area's climatic data were analyzed to see the rainfall and temperature patterns. There are five sampling sites selected for this study-Mogalakwena Deep pool, Rooisloot downstream and upstream, Dithokeng dam and Dorpsrivier, as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Mokopane Area, Limpopo, South Africa

Molekoa

Avtar

Kumar

et al. 2021

Water

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Considering the well-documented impacts of land-use change on water resources and the rapid land-use conversions occurring throughout Africa, in this study, we conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of surface water quality and its relation with the land use and land cover (LULC) pattern in Mokopane, Limpopo province of South Africa. Various physico-chemical parameters were analyzed for surface water samples collected from five sampling locations from 2016 to 2020. Time-series analysis of key surface water quality parameters was performed to identify the essential hydrological processes governing water quality. The analyzed water quality data were also used to calculate the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and weighted water quality index (WQI). Also, the spatial trend of water quality is compared with LULC changes from 2015 to 2020. Results revealed that the concentration of most of the physico-chemical parameters in the water samples was beyond the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted permissible limit, except for a few parameters in some locations. Based on the calculated values of HPI and HEI, water quality samples were categorized as low to moderately polluted water bodies, whereas all water samples fell under the poor category (>100) and beyond based on the calculated WQI. Looking precisely at the water quality’s temporal trend, it is found that most of the sampling shows a deteriorating trend from 2016 to 2019. However, the year 2020 shows a slightly improving trend on water quality, which can be justified by lowering human activities during the lockdown period imposed by COVID-19. Land use has a significant relationship with surface water quality, and it was evident that built-up land had a more significant negative impact on water quality than the other land use classes. Both natural processes (rock weathering) and anthropogenic activities (wastewater discharge, industrial activities etc.) were found to be playing a vital role in water quality evolution. This study suggests that continuous assessment and monitoring of the spatial and temporal variability of water quality in Limpopo is important to control pollution and health safety in the future.

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Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Mokopane Area, Limpopo, South Africa

Molekoa

Avtar

Kumar

et al. 2021

Water

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“…Hence, the risk of flooding is enhanced during La Niña events in the northeast of South Africa. The occurrence of La Niña has also been linked to high/extreme streamflow events in several other regions in the tropics [27][28][29], which increase the risk of riverine flooding. Due to its warm climate, the Limpopo Province is also vulnerable to climate-sensitive diseases such as malaria, which often peak after a flood event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Flood Hazards in Rural Settlements of Limpopo Province, South Africa

Munyai

Chikoore

Musyoki

et al. 2021

Water

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Climate change has increased the frequency of extreme weather events such as heavy rainfall leading to floods in several regions. In Africa, rural communities are more vulnerable to flooding, particularly those that dwell in low altitude areas or near rivers and those regions affected by tropical storms. This study examined flood vulnerability in three rural villages in South Africa’s northern Limpopo Province and how communities are building resilience and coping with the hazard. These villages lie at the foot of the north-eastern escarpment, and are often exposed to frequent rainfall enhanced by orographic factors. Although extreme rainfall events are rare in the study area, we analyzed daily rainfall and showed how heavy rainfall of short duration can lead to flooding using case studies. Historical floods were also mapped using remote sensing via the topographical approach and two types of flooding were identified, i.e., those due to extreme rainfall and those due to poor drainage or blocked drainage channels. A field survey was also conducted using questionnaires administered to samples of affected households to identify flood vulnerability indicators and adaptation strategies. Key informant interviews were held with disaster management authorities to provide additional information on flood indicators. Subsequently, a flood vulnerability index was computed to measure the extent of flood vulnerability of the selected communities and it was found that all three villages have a ‘vulnerability to floods’ level, considered a medium level vulnerability. The study also details temporary and long-term adaptation strategies/actions employed by respondents and interventions by local authorities to mitigate the impacts of flooding. Adaptation strategies range from digging furrows to divert water and temporary relocations, to constructing a raised patio around the house. Key recommendations include the need for public awareness; implementation of a raft of improvements and a sustainable infrastructure maintenance regime; integration of modern mitigations with local indigenous knowledge; and development of programs to ensure resilience through incorporation of Integrated Development Planning.

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“…Singh et al [22] investigated the middle Mahanadi river basin and discovered signi cant spatiotemporal variation, including seasonal shifts, increasing dry spells, and extreme weather events, to better understand changes in precipitation characteristics and patterns on a regional scale agro-climatic zone. Sahu et al [19] have studied the Mahanadi river basin to explore the combined and relative effect of "Indian monsoon and Indo-paci c climatic modes" on the ood frequency analysis and high stream ow events and found that ENSO and ENSO Modoki were signi cant during JJA and SON on river extremities. Sahu et al [16] have studied the Mahanadi river basin to explore the effectiveness of DBSCAN for precipitation regionalization and found good agreement in clusters, but underestimating the homogeneity characteristics, the ndings were assessed using a popular unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmental Variability of Precipitation In The Mahanadi River Basin During 1901-2017

Sahu

Verma

Ahmad

2021

Preprint

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Eigen-based sequential spatial pattern analysis an application of PCA is presented here. The analysis examines the spatial distribution of precipitation over the Mahanadi river basin. The Spatial(S)-mode of sequential spatial pattern analysis with the application of Maximum loading value of rotated retained principal component (also referred to as Maximum loading value approach) to assess a gridded monthly rainfall data of resolution 0.25° x 0.25° having a record length of 117 years (1901-2017). The meteorological records have a sequential spatial field for Spatial and Temporal-mode, which can be used for recognizing the area for precipitation variability and regime. The identified patterns of the different timeslot segments were then analyzed for their dispersions of the annual precipitation observed at different station points using similarities and dissimilar characteristics of inter-cluster and between clusters respectively. Validation of the regionalized pattern for distinctness and a pairwise comparison of CDFs using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov ‘D’ statistic test.

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Impact of Indo-Pacific Climate Variability on High Streamflow Events in Mahanadi River Basin, India

Cited by 24 publications

References 57 publications

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Mokopane Area, Limpopo, South Africa

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Mokopane Area, Limpopo, South Africa

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Flood Hazards in Rural Settlements of Limpopo Province, South Africa

Segmental Variability of Precipitation In The Mahanadi River Basin During 1901-2017

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