Impact of Industrial Discharge on Aquatic Ecosystems of the Kłodnica River with Reference to Water Framework Directive Objectives

Abstract

Protecting and improving the environment is an important part of achieving sustainable development and is vital in the long-term period. One of the most important documents in the field of water resources management and by means of water protection is the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) [1]. This directive is a milestone in a history of water policy in Europe. The WFD establishes a common framework for a sustainable and integrated management in relation to a different types of water. The main purpose of the directive was to establish a framework for the protection of inland surface waters and groundwater. It will ensure that all inland and coastal waters, including Pol. AbstractCommercial surface water classification is preliminarily based on physicochemical analyses. The ecotoxicological analyses performed during the research confirm that bioassays can support traditional monitoring as a useful tool for preliminary assess and predicting environmental damage. The problem of contaminant migration into the aquatic environment is particularly important in highly industrialized and urbanized areas, wherein rivers are constantly exposed to pollution due to anthropogenic action and for which, in accordance with the Water Framework Directive (WFD) recommendations, it is necessary to achieve good status and potential of the waters. Taking into account the above provisions, the ecotoxicological potential of surface water samples from the Kłodnica River has been assessed. During the research we used a biotest battery composed of organisms which represent three trophic levels of aquatic ecosystems: Vibri fischeri, Daphnia magna, and Lemna minor. Also, we performed physicochemical on-site analyses. Estimated values of selected physical and chemical indicators confirm the poor state of the Kłodnica. However, high toxic effect was obtained only in a few analysed samples. Moreover, is worth noting that within the study we found a relationship between the high salinity of river water samples and the response of exposed bioindicators.

Ecotoxicological biotests as tools for continuous monitoring of water quality in dam reservoir

“…Several studies focused on the relationships among the chemical composition of environmental samples or model laboratory mixtures and their effects revealed in biotests (Kahru et al 1999, Olkova andBerezin, 2021). In other research, biotest results were compared with chemical analyses in highly contaminated environmental matrices such as wastewaters (Manusadzianas et al 2003, Czerniawska-Kusza et al 2006, Cloete et al 2017, Zgórska et al 2020. In most of the cited studies, tested samples produced significant toxicity due to the high content of noxious substances.…”

Assessment of the Impact of Industrial and Municipal Discharges on the Surface Water Body Status (Poland)

“…Due to the industrial nature of the catchment, significant loads of pollution are discharged into the river, resulting consequently in high salinity, the presence of biogenic substances and heavy metals [15]. The detailed characteristic of the Kłodnica river has been described in multiple previous publications [16][17][18][19][20].…”

“…According to the comparative analysis of existing tools constituting simplified BLM, it is recommended to use them as tools supporting the surface water monitoring process in the context of the WFD [58][59][60][61]. As it was presented in the article on the Kłodnica river [18,19], local values of EQS calculated based on simplified BLM tools are much higher than values recommended in Directive and therefore the exceedances were not observed in the case of Pb and Ni. It can be predicted that a similar situation may also occur in the presented case due to the fact that the concentration of DOC, Ca and pH are relatively high.…”