Impact of infectious disease epidemics on xenophobia: A systematic review

Silva, Tania; Alves, Maria Teresa Garcia; Figueiras, Adolfo; Roque, Fátima; Herdeiro, María Teresa; Devakumar, Delan

doi:10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100085

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Prior research has suggested at least two primary explanations for this demonstrable anti-Asian prejudice and xenophobia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. On the one hand, some research has suggested that increases in xenophobic attitudes may be driven by individual-level increases in fear, wherein individuals respond to the threat of infectious disease by “othering” that threat ( Reny & Barreto, 2020 ; Silva et al, 2022 ). Indeed, there is an extensive body of research linking disease outbreak to prejudice and xenophobia ( Clissold et al, 2020 ; Lee, 2019 ; Taylor, 2019 ).…”

Section: Prior Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear, Political Legitimization, and Racism: Examining Anti-Asian Xenophobia During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2022

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Unfortunately, there is a long history linking pandemics to Anti-Asian prejudice and xenophobia; these negative outcomes have been particularly pronounced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some scholars have suggested that these relationships are driven by fear, wherein individuals respond to disease threat by “othering” that threat. Other research has implicated the role of the state, including the political rhetoric of former President Trump, in exacerbating bias by enabling a divisive political environment. Yet, very few existing studies have been able to assess the nature of these impacts or examine the mechanisms behind observed increases in xenophobia. To that end, this research presents results from a survey administered in May 2020 to respondents residing in the U.S., which assessed COVID-19-related attitudes and behaviors, as well as anti-Asian prejudicial attitudes. Using these data, we assessed the direct and interactive relationship between perceptions of risk (i.e., fear), exposure to COVID-19 information, support for Trump, and anti-Asian prejudice. Results reveal that fear—and support for Trump—are associated with increased anti-Asian prejudice, but that exposure to more information about COVID-19 is associated with decreased prejudice; we also note complex interactions between each of these factors.

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Section: Prior Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear, Political Legitimization, and Racism: Examining Anti-Asian Xenophobia During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2022

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“…For example, placing blame during an outbreak on those who are perceived of as responsible can make people feel control over situations characterized by uncertainty and fear ( Nelkin & Gilman, 1988 ). In the context of COVID-19, studies have shown that minorities have been subjected to blame and stigmatization in several countries ( Chung, Erler, Li, & Au, 2020 ; He, He, Zhou, Nie, & He, 2020 ; Silva et al, 2022 ). The identification and labelling of such ‘risk groups’ in society thus creates boundaries of us vs. them that creates and legitimizes the stigmatization of already marginalized populations ( Goldin, 1994 ).…”

Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immigrants in Norway: Resilience, challenges and vulnerabilities in times of COVID-19

Arora

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Tjoflåt

et al. 2022

Journal of Migration and Health

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“…Health outcomes as an effect of experiences of racism have been studied fundamentally through mental health, especially as regards to anxiety [ 38 , 39 ]. The crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic has also affected immigrants, who felt more excluded by Spanish society when wanting to protect themselves against the virus [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Life and Anxiety Levels in Latin American Immigrants as Caregivers of Older Adults in Spain

et al. 2022

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Increased life expectancy in Spain has highlighted the need for formal caregivers who care for older adults who live at home. In many cases, families choose to hire immigrants from Latin America who, on many occasions, have been forced to emigrate, which causes a considerable psychological impact on them. To this, other factors such as precarious working conditions, loneliness, or high workload are added, which leads to many caregivers becoming sick. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life and the level of anxiety derived from the workload of Latin American immigrants who come to Spain to care for older adults. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using two validated questionnaires to measure this relationship. A correlation was also established between quality of life and anxiety as expressed by the participants. The sample consisted of a total of 426 subjects. One of the main results showed that the lower the caregiver’s quality of life, the higher their level of anxiety (OR = 1.06; 95% CI). Live-in caregivers had a lower quality of life than people who did not live in the same house as the cared-for person (OR = 2.22; 95% CI). Working long hours and having a high workload was associated with poorer quality of life and higher levels of anxiety. Assessing immigrants who are formal caregivers and providing them with the support that helps to improve their quality of life is suggested to reduce the occurrence of anxiety disorders.

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Impact of infectious disease epidemics on xenophobia: A systematic review

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Fear, Political Legitimization, and Racism: Examining Anti-Asian Xenophobia During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Fear, Political Legitimization, and Racism: Examining Anti-Asian Xenophobia During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Immigrants in Norway: Resilience, challenges and vulnerabilities in times of COVID-19

Quality of Life and Anxiety Levels in Latin American Immigrants as Caregivers of Older Adults in Spain

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