“…The successful implementation of AR technology in assembly tasks reduced assembly time required by over 80%, positively impacting construction productivity (Chalhoub and Ayer, 2019; Kwiatek et al , 2019). The release of Microsoft HoloLens also enabled the omittance of physical markers (Dallasega et al , 2021), further improving the usability of this AR/MR technology in assembly tasks (Bademosi et al , 2019; Chalhoub et al , 2021; Chalhoub and Ayer, 2018; Deshpande and Kim, 2018; Qin et al , 2021; Wang et al , 2021). Besides that, offsite production time also decreased with the integration of AR/MR technology and robots, decreasing the overall project completion time (Amtsberg et al , 2021; Tavares et al , 2019; Xiang et al , 2021).…”