“…During the past 20 years, numerous insect resistance genes have been identified, some of which have anti-lepidopteron activity ( cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ab/Ac, cry1C, cry2A , and CpT1 ), whereas others exhibit anti-helipterum activity ( Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, gna , and Pinellia ternata agglutinin, pta ). These genes have been introduced into rice to develop insect-resistant transgenic lines (Shu et al, 1998, 2000; Tan et al, 2011; Wang et al, 2012a,b; Jiang et al, 2013b; Jian et al, 2014). Currently, most insect-resistant transgenic rice lines in China are in the field trial stage (Tang et al, 2006; Wang et al, 2012a,b).…”