Impact of iodide ions on the speciation of radiolytic transients in molten LiCl–KCl eutectic salt mixtures

Conrad, Jacy K.; Iwamatsu, Kazuhiro; Woods, Michael E.; Gakhar, R.; Layne, Bobby; Cook, Andrew R.; Horne, Gregory P

doi:10.1039/d3cp01477k

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

2023

DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01477k

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Impact of iodide ions on the speciation of radiolytic transients in molten LiCl–KCl eutectic salt mixtures

Jacy K. Conrad

Kazuhiro Iwamatsu

Michael E. Woods

et al.

Abstract: A new transient interhalogen species (ICl•−) has been identified in electron pulse irradiated molten chloride salt mixtures. This species has significant implications for the transport of fission-product iodine in molten salt reactor environments.

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Fundamental Understanding of Marine Applications of Molten Salt Reactors: Progress, Case Studies, and Safety

Park,

Kim,

Bari

et al. 2024

JMSE

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Marine sources contribute approximately 2% of global energy-related CO₂ emissions, with the shipping industry accounting for 87% of this total, making it the fifth-largest emitter globally. Environmental regulations by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), such as the MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) treaty, have driven the exploration of alternative green energy solutions, including nuclear-powered ships. These ships offer advantages like long operational periods without refueling and increased cargo space, with around 200 reactors already in use on naval vessels worldwide. Among advanced reactor concepts, the molten salt reactor (MSR) is particularly suited for marine applications due to its inherent safety features, compact design, high energy density, and potential to mitigate nuclear waste and proliferation concerns. However, MSR systems face significant challenges, including tritium production, corrosion issues, and complex behavior of volatile fission products. Understanding the impact of marine-induced motion on the thermal–hydraulic behavior of MSRs is crucial, as it can lead to transient design basis accident scenarios. Furthermore, the adoption of MSR technology in the shipping industry requires overcoming regulatory hurdles and achieving global consensus on safety and environmental standards. This review assesses the current progress, challenges, and technological readiness of MSRs for marine applications, highlighting future research directions. The overall technology readiness level (TRL) of MSRs is currently at 3. Achieving TRL 6 is essential for progress, with individual components needing TRLs of 4–8 for a demonstration reactor. Community Readiness Levels (CRLs) must also be addressed, focusing on public acceptance, safety, sustainability, and alignment with decarbonization goals.

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Fundamental Understanding of Marine Applications of Molten Salt Reactors: Progress, Case Studies, and Safety

Park,

Kim,

Bari

et al. 2024

JMSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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Impact of iodide ions on the speciation of radiolytic transients in molten LiCl–KCl eutectic salt mixtures

Abstract: A new transient interhalogen species (ICl•−) has been identified in electron pulse irradiated molten chloride salt mixtures. This species has significant implications for the transport of fission-product iodine in molten salt reactor environments.

Cited by 1 publication

References 23 publications

Fundamental Understanding of Marine Applications of Molten Salt Reactors: Progress, Case Studies, and Safety

Fundamental Understanding of Marine Applications of Molten Salt Reactors: Progress, Case Studies, and Safety

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