Impact of Iron Pyrite Nanoparticles Sizes in Photovoltaic Performance

Abstract

With rising energy demand and depleted traditional fuels, solar cells offer a sustainable and clean option. In recent years, and due to its acceptable band gap, high absorption coefficient, and inexpensive cost, iron pyrite (FeS2) is a popular material for solar cells. Earth abundance and nontoxicity further boost its photovoltaic possibilities. The current study examined the influence of sulfurization at 350–400 °C on iron pyrite layers fabricated using spray pyrolysis. The morphology and size from TEM confirmed the XRD results of synthesizing a pyrite FeS2 with an average particle size of 10–23 nm at 350–400 °C, respectively. The direct band gap calculated by DFT as a function of temperature was found to be consistent with the experimental findings, 0.87 eV (0.87) and 0.90 eV (0.95) at 350 °C and 400 °C, respectively. We found high-performing photovoltaic cells on ITO/ZnO/FeS2/ MoO3/Au/Ag, obtained with an excellent quality of nanoparticles and nanostructures of FeS2 pyrite, which improved with the method of preparation and growth parameters.

Augmenting the band gap of iron diselenide pyrite via ruthenium alloy integration

“…The scope of this study is constrained by its exclusive reliance on experimental results. Future endeavors could expand the research framework to encompass theoretical analyses, akin to the investigations conducted by Sai in the context of ruthenium alloyed iron pyrite [ [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] ]. Additionally, there is potential for investigating the influence of zinc alloying on the properties of .…”

“…The pyrite crystal structure, particularly due to its isotropic nature in all three dimensions, presents intriguing applications spanning geochemistry, catalysis, and photovoltaic energy conversion [ [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] ]. Various preparation techniques, including physical vapor deposition (PVD), thermal vapor oxidation/sulfurization [ [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] ], electrochemical deposition [ 25 ], solvothermal reactions [ 34 ], vapor-liquid-solid mechanisms [ 35 ], and spray pyrolysis [ [36] , [37] , [38] ], have been employed to synthesize (X = Se, S) samples.…”

Impact of alloying iron pyrite by ruthenium on its band gap values and its insight to photovoltaic performance

“…We utilized spray pyrolysis technical for formation of our samples, which this method is well described in Refs. [ 52 , 53 ]. In our strategy, we use of a mixture resulted from the dissolution of 8.5 g of and within a molar ratio as : = x:1 − x (x = 0.3966, 0.1586, 0.0496, 0.0347, 0.0106 and 0.00) through 7 min substrates for temperature of heated at 400 .…”