Impact of ischaemia–reperfusion cycles during ischaemic preconditioning on 2000-m rowing ergometer performance

Ischemic preconditioning ( IPC ) has been suggested to preserve neural drive during fatiguing dynamic exercise, however, it remains unclear as to whether this may be the consequence of IPC ‐enhanced muscle oxygenation. We hypothesized that the IPC ‐enhanced muscle oxygenation during a dynamic exercise task would subsequently attenuate exercise‐induced reductions in voluntary activation. Ten resistance trained males completed three 3 min maximal all‐out tests ( AOT s) via 135 isokinetic leg extensions preceded by treatments of IPC (3 × 5 min bilateral leg occlusions at 220 mmHg), SHAM (3 × 5 min at 20 mmHg) or CON (30 min passive rest). Femoral nerve stimulation was utilized to assess voluntary activation and potentiated twitch torque during maximal voluntary contractions ( MVC s) performed at baseline ( BL ), prior to the AOT (Pre), and then 10 sec post (Post). Tissue oxygenation (via near‐infrared spectroscopy) and sEMG activity was measured throughout the AOT . MVC and twitch torque levels declined ( MVC : −87 ± 23 Nm, 95% CI = −67 to −107 Nm; P < 0.001, twitch: −30 ± 13 Nm; 95% CI = −25 to −35 Nm; P < 0.001) between Pre and Post without reductions in voluntary activation ( P = 0.72); there were no differences between conditions ( MVC : P = 0.75, twitch: P = 0.55). There were no differences in tissue saturation index ( P = 0.27), deoxyhemoglobin concentrations ( P = 0.86) or sEMG activity ( P = 0.92) throughout the AOT . These findings demonstrate that IPC does not preserve neural drive during an all‐out 3 min isokinetic leg extension task.

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“…; Turnes et al. ). Whilst it is well established that IPC induces the production of vasodilatory factors (nitric oxide, adenosine, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of IPC on central and peripheral fatiguing mechanisms in humans following maximal single limb isokinetic exercise

2019

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“…For example, acute local IPC is often accompanied by near infrared spectroscopy-measured (NIRS) marked increases in total haemoglobin [tHb] which is an indicator of total blood volume ( Paradis-Deschênes et al, 2016 , 2017 ), and deoxygenated haemoglobin [HHb] which is an indicator of muscle oxygen extraction ( Paradis-Deschênes et al, 2016 , 2017 , 2020 ; Halley et al, 2018 ) in active muscle during intense exercise, although this is not always the case ( Supplementary Table S1 ). The tissue saturation index (TSI)—which represents the equilibrium between O 2 supply and consumption during exercise–has also been shown to be reduced along with concomitant reductions in oxygenated haemoglobin [O 2 Hb], further highlighting this deoxygenation response ( Turnes et al, 2018 ). It is not clear for how long after the treatment protocol that enhanced muscle perfusion and deoxygenation kinetics persist, but Cunniffe et al (2017) reported increased change in oxygenated haemoglobin [ΔO 2 Hb] in the vastus lateralis for at least 15 min after and da Mota et al (2019) found augmented deoxygenation responses when performing exercise 2 h after IPC, which suggests some latency in the effect.…”

Section: Effects Of Ipc On Central and Peripheral Cardiovascular Resp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential physiological responses contributing to the ergogenic effects of acute ischemic preconditioning during exercise: A narrative review

O’Brien

Jacobs

2022

Front. Physiol.

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Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been reported to augment exercise performance, but there is considerable heterogeneity in the magnitude and frequency of performance improvements. Despite a burgeoning interest in IPC as an ergogenic aid, much is still unknown about the physiological mechanisms that mediate the observed performance enhancing effects. This narrative review collates those physiological responses to IPC reported in the IPC literature and discusses how these responses may contribute to the ergogenic effects of IPC. Specifically, this review discusses documented central and peripheral cardiovascular responses, as well as selected metabolic, neurological, and perceptual effects of IPC that have been reported in the literature.

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“…Our results showed that the number of cycles of ischemia and reperfusion ranged from 2 cycles 43 to 8 cycles 23 . Also, the duration of occlusion periods ranged from 2 min 61 to 10 min 54 . The majority of studies performed IPC on the day of the test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Four articles found no effect of IPC on other performances. These included rugby, 51 rhythmic handgrips, 52 speed skating, 53 and rowing 54 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of ischemic preconditioning in exercise performance: A systematic review

Caru

Levesque

Lalonde

et al. 2019

Journal of Sport and Health Science

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Highlights This systematic review provides a comprehensive review examining the ischemic preconditioning (IPC) literature in sports science over the last 28 years. Studies showed the extent to which IPC can be beneficial to exercise performance. However, not all studies directly observed a positive effect of IPC on exercise performance. The effects of IPC intervention seemed to be more effective in healthy subjects who wished to enhance their performance in aerobic exercises than in athletes. Important clinical heterogeneities and methodologic heterogeneities were reported between studies (i.e., statistical, IPC interventions, outcomes, study participants, and study design heterogeneities).

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Impact of ischaemia–reperfusion cycles during ischaemic preconditioning on 2000-m rowing ergometer performance

Abstract: In conclusion, IPC does not improve the 2000-m rowing ergometer performance of trained athletes regardless of the length of ischaemia-reperfusion cycles.

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

The effect of IPC on central and peripheral fatiguing mechanisms in humans following maximal single limb isokinetic exercise

The effect of IPC on central and peripheral fatiguing mechanisms in humans following maximal single limb isokinetic exercise

Potential physiological responses contributing to the ergogenic effects of acute ischemic preconditioning during exercise: A narrative review

An overview of ischemic preconditioning in exercise performance: A systematic review

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