Impact of land-use on malaria transmission in the Plateau region, southeastern Benin

Abstract

BackgroundThe goal of the study is to investigate if local agricultural practices have an impact on malaria transmission in four villages located in the same geographical area within a radius of 15 kilometers. Among the villages, one (Itassoumba) is characterized by the presence of a large market garden and fishpond basins, the three others (Itakpako, Djohounkollé and Ko-koumolou) are characterized by traditional food-producing agriculture.MethodsMalaria transmission was evaluated using human-landing catches, both indoors and outdoors, two nights per month for 12 months. Field collected females An. gambiae s.l. were exposed for 1 hour to 0.75% permethrin and 0.05% deltamethrin using WHO insecticide susceptibility test kits and procedures. The presence of the kdr mutation was analyzed by PCR.ResultsAnopheles gambiae s.s form M (93.65%), was identified as the main malaria vector. Its susceptibility level to pyrethroids was the same (p > 0.05) in all villages. kdr mutation frequencies are 81.08 in Itakpako, 85 in Itassoumba, 79.73 in Djohounkollé and 86.84 in Ko-Koumolou (p = 0.63). The entomological inoculation rate ranged from 9.62 to 21.65 infected bites of An. gambiae per human per year in Djohounkollé, Itakpako and Ko-Koumolou against 1159.62 in Itassoumba (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe level of resistance of An. gambiae to pyrethroids was the same in the four villages. The heterogeneous character of malaria epidemiology was confirmed. The creation of fishponds basins and the development of market-gardening activities increased drastically the malaria transmission in Itassoumba.

Blood feeding behaviour comparison and contribution of Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae, two sibling species living in sympatry, to malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga region, northern Benin, West Africa

“…In Benin, the resistance of malaria vectors to pyrethroids observed first in Cotonou spread not only to central and southern regions of the country, but also to the northern parts [31–38]. The lower frequency of kdr L1014F mutation in An.…”

Assessment of mosquito larval productivity among different land use types for targeted malaria vector control in the western Kenya highlands

“…Land use changes and topography have provided increased exposure to sunlight, which has contributed to the increased availability of potential breeding habitats in the African highlands [ 5 – 10 ]. Reclamation of swamps for agriculture has resulted in more sunlight reaching the swamps, which have then become potential larval habitats [ 7 – 9 , 11 ].…”

Urban Market Gardening and Rodent-Borne Pathogenic Leptospira in Arid Zones: A Case Study in Niamey, Niger

“…For instance, urban and peri-urban horticulture produces most of all leafy vegetables that are consumed in Accra (Ghana), Dakar (Senegal), Bangui (Central African Republic), Brazzaville (Congo), Ibadan (Nigeria), Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo) and Yaoundé (Cameroon), which represent a total population of 22.5 million inhabitants [ 50 ]. Yet, the setup of agricultural spaces in close proximity to, when not inside cities or villages raise public health issues since they may favor the maintaining of some pathogenic agents and eventually their vectors or reservoirs, hence potentially increasing the risk of human exposure to the associated diseases, such as malaria (e.g., in Benin: [ 51 , 52 ]; in Ghana: [ 53 ]), various gastro-intestinal infections (e.g., in Benin: [ 54 ]) schistosomiasis (e.g., in Ivory Coast: [ 55 , 56 ] in Niger: [ 57 ]), leptospirosis (this study) or potentially toxoplasmosis (e.g., in Niamey, Niger: [ 58 ]).…”