Impact of laser produced X-rays on the surface of gold

Latif, Hamid; Rafique, Muhammad; Khaleeq-ur-Rahaman, M.; Rawat, Rajdeep Singh; Sattar, Abdul; Naseem, Shahzad; Lee, P.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.06.032

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Here the involved processes are thermal in nature as the undetached material appearing on the surface as a hill when the material is thermalized before the removal of material starts from a super heated liquid [19]. The electron-phonon and phonon-phonon interaction times may be less than time of thermalisation [20]. The images appearing in Figures 6(a) and (b) is a valley, a crater surrounded by various hills, appears to be the region splashed out of the crater on laser impact showing maximum absorption by the surface at atmospheric pressure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Morphological Changes in Laser Irradiated Platinum

Latif¹,

Khaleeq-ur-Rahman²,

Bhatti³

et al. 2011

JMP

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The micro structural morphological investigations of the laser exposed samples of Platinum are presented. Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 1.1 MW, 9-14 ns) represented by Gaussian profile, power density 3 × 10 15 Watt/m 2 and focal spot size 12 µm is used to irradiate the targets (4 N, 1 × 1 × 0.3 cm 3). Surface modifications are observed and examined for optimized 50 pulses in air (1 atm) as well as under vacuum (~10-3 torr) by analyzing SEM micrographs. Ripples, cones, crater and hillocks formation, splashing, sputtering, solidification and redeposition are observed as main modifications at the irradiated surface. It is explored that material is ejected with explosive expel. Motic digital microscope is used for the measurements of ablated micron sized droplets. The average distance between the adjacent cones is larger near the crater region. Topographical changes are characterized applying Atomic Force Microscopy. RMS surface roughness, hillocks and crater sizes on the irradiated surfaces are also calculated. The structural analysis is mainly focused on measurements of grain sizes, diffracted X-Rays intensity and interplanar distance. The results thus obtained determine that IR radiations are unable to change interplanar distance of the target where as changes in diffracted x-rays intensity and grain sizes for irradiated platinum are noticed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Morphological Changes in Laser Irradiated Platinum

Latif¹,

Khaleeq-ur-Rahman²,

Bhatti³

et al. 2011

JMP

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“…2. This peak shifting and asymmetry are indicative of internal stresses and planer defects like non-periodicity in the stacking sequence in c-direction (inter-growth) [18,19].…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 94%

Epitaxial thin-film growth of Ruddlesden–Popper-type Ba3Zr2O7 from a BaZrO3 target by pulsed laser deposition

et al. 2016

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Ruddlesden-Popper Ba 3 Zr 2 O 7 thin films have been synthesized via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The optimization of deposition parameters in PLD enables the formation of thin film of metastable Ba 3 Zr 2 O 7 phase from BaZrO 3 target. In order to see the post-annealing effects on the structural and optical properties, the deposited Ba 3 Zr 2 O 7 thin films were annealed at 500, 600 and 800°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the formation of Ba 3 Zr 2 O 7 phase with tetragonal structure. The changes in the surface of the deposited films were analysed by FE-SEM and AFM. The thin film post-annealed at 500°C exhibited the best structural, optical and surface properties. Furthermore, the chemical states and chemical composition of the films were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) near the surface. The XPS results show that Ba, Zr and O exist mainly in the form of Ba 3 Zr 2 O 7 Ruddlesden-Popper-type perovskite structure.

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“…By taking into consideration the domination of the thermal processes for the ablation of the platinum (i.e. the total X-ray energy is transferred to heat and melting of substrate), the energy required to form hillocks and the X-ray energy falling on the substrate was calculated by a simple approach discussed in our previous work (11). Table 2 clearly shows that the calculated value for the total X-ray energy falling on the substrate is very large as compared to the energy required for the formation of a hillock.…”

Section: Afm Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…X-rays produced by laser-induced plasma have also been used to bring structural changes in a material exposed directly to the X-rays (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Direct exposure of the material surface to X-rays causes surface melting, which is initiated by increased thermal shock wave pressure due to which an ultra-fast phase transformation from solid to liquid occurs (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Surface modification of platinum by laser-produced X-rays

Latif

Rafique

Khaleeq-ur-Rahaman

et al. 2014

Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids

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Laser-induced plasma is used as an X-ray source for the growth of hillocks like nanostructures on platinum surface. To generate X-rays, plasma is produced by Nd:YAG laser, which is operated at second harmonics (λ = 532 nm, E = 400 mJ). Analytical grade 5 N pure Al, Cu and W are used as laser targets for X-rays production. X-rays produced from Al, Cu and W plasmas are used to irradiate three analytical grade (5 N pure) platinum substrates, respectively, under the vacuum ∼ 10 −4 torr. XRD analysis shows considerable structural changes in the exposed platinum. The decrement in reflection intensities, increment in dislocation line density, change in d-spacing and disturbance in the periodicity of planes evidently prove these structural changes. Atomic force microscope AFM topographic analysis of the platinum exposed to X-rays emitted from Al, Cu and W targets showed that nanometer-size hillocks are produced on the platinum surface irrespective of the source. It has also been observed that due to these hillocks, the roughness of the surface has increased. Conductivity of hillocks produced from X-rays produced by Al, Cu and W targets is compared and it is shown that the hillocks produced by Al target X-rays have better conductivity compared to the hillocks produced by X-rays from Cu and W targets.

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Impact of laser produced X-rays on the surface of gold

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Microstructural Morphological Changes in Laser Irradiated Platinum

Microstructural Morphological Changes in Laser Irradiated Platinum

Epitaxial thin-film growth of Ruddlesden–Popper-type Ba3Zr2O7 from a BaZrO3 target by pulsed laser deposition

Surface modification of platinum by laser-produced X-rays

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