Impact of Lead and Zinc Heavy Metal Pollution on the Growth and Phytoremediation Potential of Sulla carnosa in Sabkha El Kalbia, Tunisia

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution from human and natural activities poses significant environmental and health concerns for wildlife and humans, with lead and zinc being particularly threatening. This study focuses on Sebkha El Kalbia in Tunisia, highlighting the challenges faced by local communities in addressing heavy metal pollution. The area is prone to contamination through rivers and streams that transport pollutants from industrial zones and rural areas into the salt pan. The recent establishment of an industrial zone has worsened pollution levels, calling for strict regulatory measures and clean technologies to limit heavy metal pollution and protect human health and the environment. The study assesses the impact of lead and zinc pollution on the growth of Sulla carnosa and its potential for phytoremediation. Soil and plant samples from contaminated areas were analyzed, revealing high levels of heavy metal contamination. The growth parameters of Sulla carnosa, such as plant height, weight, and enzymatic activity, were examined, showing a significant reduction in plant growth when exposed to high metal concentrations. However, Sulla carnosa demonstrated promising phytoremediation potential, with preferential metal accumulation in the roots and improved enzymatic activity. These findings highlight Sulla carnosa as a potential candidate for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.