Impact of lignocellulosic waste-immobilised white-rot fungi on enhancing the development of 14C-phenanthrene catabolism in soil

Artificial mixed microbial system for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation

“…Meanwhile, the efficiency of PAH biodegradation is limited by biotic or abiotic factors, such as competition pressure (substrates, niche) and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus). Recently, microbial immobilization technology (MIT) ( Table 2 ), which promotes oxygen transfer, maintains microbial activity, and fixes nutrients, has been widely utilized to remediate PAH-polluted groundwater or soil (Omoni et al, 2022 ). It was reported that carrier is a key element for MIT, where it directly impacts the activity and function of microorganisms (Gong et al, 2022 ).…”

Food Waste Originated Material as an Alternative Substrate Used for the Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus): A Review

“…The substrate preparation procedure includes shredding substrate into small particle size (3 cm) and drenching it in distilled water for 24 h to reach 60% moisture content. Then, the substrate might be sterilized in polypropylene bags at 121 • C, 1.1-1.2 atm for 1-2 h [27][28][29][30][31][32] or 15 min [33,34], sterilized for 90 • C for 90 min [35], pasteurized at 60-80 • C into boiling water before the inoculation procedure [36,37], steamed over 100 • C for 4 h [38] or treated by aerobic fermentation: 65 • C for 36 h, fermentation for 12 h and aerial cooling for 24 h [39]. All other studies included substrate preparation in the same or similar manner.…”

“…Adebayo et al [38] included cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin analysis of palm and rice wastes, while Ma et al [54] analyzed nutrient content of substrates consisting of used diaper and food waste, banana skin, coffee waste and sugarcane bagasse, and C/N and total N content of coconut fiber, coffee husk and corn bran substrate mixtures [30]. Beer waste (spent brewery grains) was analyzed for pH and C and N determinations [34], while Rugolo et al [55] and Fernandes Pereira et al [56] included phosphorus, C/N ratio and humidity analysis. Sugarcane bagasse substrate analyses included cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, total N, total C, P, Ca, Mg, Na and K [57], C/N ratio, S, H, pH and moisture content analysis [58], while rice substrate was additionally investigated for total K, P and heavy metals (Cr, As, Cd, Hg and Pb) [59].…”

“…Peanut hulls and nuts mixed in different ratios (20%:80%, 50%:50%, 100%) were used in the study of Zied et al [69] for P. ostreatus substrate supplementation. Beer wastes were used in the following studies: a pristine soil was mixed with previously immobilized spent brewery grains with fungal mycelium in a 1:5 ratio [34], malted barley (spent brewery grains) was used as supplementation for other agricultural waste substrates [55], while three categories of beer wastes: brewer's spent grain, hot trub and residual yeast was mixed with cocoa pod shells in different ratios [56]. Submerged liquid and solid-state fermentation were applied in the following studies: banana pseudostem and coconut fiber in the amount of 20 g were added into vials with Kirk's culture medium [31], and mycelial discs were inoculated for growth.…”