Impact of long-term nitrogen addition on carbon stocks in trees and soils in northern Europe

Hyvönen, Riitta; Persson, Tryggve; Andersson, Stefan; Olsson, Bengt A.; Ågren, Göran I.; Linder, Sune

doi:10.1007/s10533-007-9121-3

Cited by 297 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It could be easily observed from Table 5 that increased nitrogen input leads to an increase in SOM stock for all climatic zones. This result is in a good agreement with long-term forest nitrogen fertilization in Sweden and Finland (Hyvönen et al, 2008). Well-known measurements of increased organic floor thickness show that carbon sequestration in forest floor is a typical pattern for boreal forests in the absence of disturbances and with a long-term nitrogen deposition (Berg et al, 2009).…”

Section: Dynamics Of Soil Organic Matter (Som)supporting

confidence: 81%

Comparative analysis of the influence of climate change and nitrogen deposition on carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems in European Russia: simulation modelling approach

Komarov

Shanin

2012

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. An individual-based simulation model, EFIMOD, was used to simulate the response of forest ecosystems to climate change and additional nitrogen deposition. The general scheme of the model includes forest growth depending on nitrogen uptake by plants and mineralization of soil organic matter. The mineralization rate is dependent on nitrogen content in litter and forest floor horizons. Three large forest areas in European Central Russia with a total area of about 17 000 km 2 in distinct environmental conditions were chosen. Simulations were carried out with two climatic scenarios (ambient climate and climate change) and different levels of nitrogen deposition (ambient value and increase by 6 and 12 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ). The simulations showed that increased nitrogen deposition leads to increased productivity of trees, increased organic matter content in organic soil horizons, and an increased portion of deciduous tree species. For the climate change scenario, the same effects on forest productivity and similar shifts in species composition were predicted but the accumulation of organic matter in soil was decreased.

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Section: Dynamics Of Soil Organic Matter (Som)supporting

confidence: 81%

Comparative analysis of the influence of climate change and nitrogen deposition on carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems in European Russia: simulation modelling approach

Komarov

Shanin

2012

Biogeosciences

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“…A low leaf-to-fine-root ratio reduces plant growth, because of the fact that when more carbon is allocated to the root system, less carbon is available for the foliage growth. The large maintenance costs of a large root system can be reduced by higher N availability, and successively large growth enhancements can be achieved by increasing N input (Saarsalmi and Mälkönen, 2001;Hyvönen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Nitrogen Balance and Internal Nitrogen Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen balance of a boreal Scots pine forest

et al. 2013

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The productivity of boreal forests is considered to be limited by low nitrogen (N) availability. Increased atmospheric N deposition has altered the functioning and N cycling of these N-sensitive ecosystems by increasing the availability of reactive nitrogen. The most important components of N pools and fluxes were measured in a boreal Scots pine stand in Hyytiälä, Southern Finland. The measurements at the site allowed direct estimations of nutrient pools in the soil and biomass, inputs from the atmosphere and outputs as drainage flow and gaseous losses from two micro-catchments. N was accumulating in the system, mainly in woody biomass, at a rate of 7 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Nitrogen input as atmospheric deposition was 7.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Dry deposition and organic N in wet deposition contributed over half of the inputs in deposition. Total outputs were 0.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1, the most important outputs being N2O emission to the atmosphere and organic N flux in drainage flow. Nitrogen uptake and retranslocation were equally important sources of N for plant growth. Most of the assimilated N originated from decomposition of organic matter, and the fraction of N that could originate directly from deposition was about 30%. In conclusion, atmospheric N deposition fertilizes the site considerably, but there are no signs of N saturation. Further research is needed to estimate soil N2 fluxes (emission and fixation), which may amount up to several kg N ha−1 yr−1

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“…Climatic variables are correlated with each other and to some extent with N deposition as well, with the lowest values of deposition being found in the northernmost, coldest regions. Likewise, soil N-content reflects to some extent the past history of N-deposition, although that causal relationship is likely important only in areas where previously both deposition and soil fertility were extremely low, such as Scandinavia (Hyvönen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Geographical and Species Differences In Response To Environmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental change impacts on the C- and N-cycle of European forests: a model comparison study

et al. 2013

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Forests are important components of the greenhouse gas balance of Europe. There is considerable uncertainty about how predicted changes to climate and nitrogen deposition will perturb the carbon and nitrogen cycles of European forests and thereby alter forest growth, carbon sequestration and N₂O emission. The present study aimed to quantify the carbon and nitrogen balance, including the exchange of greenhouse gases, of European forests over the period 2010–2030, with a particular emphasis on the spatial variability of change. The analysis was carried out for two tree species: European beech and Scots pine. For this purpose, four different dynamic models were used: BASFOR, DailyDayCent, INTEGRATOR and Landscape-DNDC. These models span a range from semi-empirical to complex mechanistic. Comparison of these models allowed assessment of the extent to which model predictions depended on differences in model inputs and structure. We found a European average carbon sink of 0.160 ± 0.020 kgC m⁻² yr⁻¹ (pine) and 0.138 ± 0.062 kgC m⁻² yr⁻¹ (beech) and N₂O source of 0.285 ± 0.125 kgN ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (pine) and 0.575 ± 0.105 kgN ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (beech). The European average greenhouse gas potential of the carbon sink was 18 (pine) and 8 (beech) times that of the N₂O source. Carbon sequestration was larger in the trees than in the soil. Carbon sequestration and forest growth were largest in central Europe and lowest in northern Sweden and Finland, N. Poland and S. Spain. No single driver was found to dominate change across Europe. Forests were found to be most sensitive to change in environmental drivers where the drivers were limiting growth, where changes were particularly large or where changes acted in concert. The models disagreed as to which environmental changes were most significant for the geographical variation in forest growth and as to which tree species showed the largest rate of carbon sequestration. Pine and beech forests were found to have differing sensitivities to environmental change, in particular the response to changes in nitrogen and precipitation, with beech forest more vulnerable to drought. There was considerable uncertainty about the geographical location of N₂O emissions. Two of the models BASFOR and LandscapeDNDC had largest emissions in central Europe where nitrogen deposition and soil nitrogen were largest, whereas the two other models identified different regions with large N₂O emission. N₂O emissions were found to be larger from beech than pine forests and were found to be particularly sensitive to forest growth

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Impact of long-term nitrogen addition on carbon stocks in trees and soils in northern Europe

Cited by 297 publications

References 34 publications

Comparative analysis of the influence of climate change and nitrogen deposition on carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems in European Russia: simulation modelling approach

Comparative analysis of the influence of climate change and nitrogen deposition on carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems in European Russia: simulation modelling approach

Nitrogen balance of a boreal Scots pine forest

Environmental change impacts on the C- and N-cycle of European forests: a model comparison study

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