Impact of matching field size on color matching (functions) accuracy

Li, Jiaye; Hanselaer, Peter; Smet, Kevin

doi:10.1002/col.22833

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These outliers were the blue stimuli produced by L4, L5, L6, and L8 primary sets, suggesting these CMFs would overestimate the perceived color differences for the blue stimuli in comparison to the other stimuli, which was consistent to the results in other studies. Li et al 22 found that using half of the FOV for the CMFs can lead to a better performance. Thus, we used nine CMFs in total, including the seven CIE CMFs above and the CIE 2006 1.5° and 2006 4.3° CMFs, in the analyses and calculated the STRESS values, as listed in Table 8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of primary peak wavelength and stimulus size on metameric failure through color difference evaluations

Huang,

Gao,

Wei

et al. 2023

Color Research & Application

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Tristimulus values and chromaticities, which are derived using the color matching functions (CMFs), are commonly used for color characterization, calibration, and specifications, with the stimuli having the same values believed to have the same color appearance (i.e., metameric match). Many studies, however, found that the stimuli having the same tristimulus values do not appear the same (known as metameric failure) due to the failure of CMFs in accurately characterizing the color matching mechanisms. Most past work investigated the performance of different CMFs through color matching experiments, with a smaller chromaticity or calculated color difference between the reference and test stimuli suggesting a better performance. Such differences, however, may not accurately characterize the performance of the CMFs, since the color spaces or chromaticity diagrams may not be uniform, in terms of the threshold of noticeable color difference. In this study, the human observers evaluated the perceived color difference between pairs of stimuli, which were calibrated to have the same tristimulus values calculated using the CIE 1931 2° CMFs, with two sizes of field of view (FOV). The results clearly suggested that the stimuli having the same tristimulus values may not always appear the same, which depended on the primaries and the FOV. More importantly, the results clearly suggested that the chromaticity differences from color matching experiments may overestimate the metameric failure, especially when the color differences were small.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of primary peak wavelength and stimulus size on metameric failure through color difference evaluations

Huang,

Gao,

Wei

et al. 2023

Color Research & Application

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“…Given that rod density, macular pigment concentration and optical density of the cone photopigments are all linked with retinal topology, it becomes obvious that field size is a critical factor to consider when designing colour-matching experiments. , using spectrally narrowband reference colour stimuli [51]. The objective was to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the CMFs in the CIE 1931 2 • and CIE 1964 10 • standard colorimetric systems and of the field size-dependent cone fundamentals derived from the CIEPO06 model.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Colour-matching Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparatus and Method for Measuring Individual Colour-Matching Functions

Ragoo,

Farup,

Wold

2024

Preprint

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This article presents a compact colorimeter for the purpose of measuring colour-matching functions (CMFs) of individual observers through psychophysical experiments. Constructed from 3D-printed parts, optical elements, and LED-based light engines, the colorimeter facilitates the juxtaposition of two fields to create a bipartite field. The system underwent characterisation to evaluate factors that may impact colour-matching experiments, such as LED-light stability, spatial homogeneity of the bipartite field, and potential stray light leakage. A pilot study involved three observers in a maximum saturation-type colour-matching experiment. Using near-spectral lights with peak wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 720 nm as test lights, observers were tasked with adjusting the intensities of three instrumental reference lights, produced by red, green, and blue LEDs, to achieve a colour match between the two juxtaposed fields. When a match was reached, the spectral radiance of each light-emitting half-field was measured. The difference between the two spectral distributions was obtained, and the tristimulus values for the latter were computed through least-squares estimation. The study aimed to assess the accuracy and performance of the system in measuring individual observer CMFs. Results indicate that the system is stable enough to measure intra-observer variations in CMFs. Through statistical analysis, regions where there are significant inter-observer differences in CMFs become apparent. Furthermore, the measured CMFs were compared with the Stiles and Burch 1955 2° CMFs, after being transformed to the same reference colour stimuli basis. While the measured CMFs exhibited comparable characteristics to those of the Stiles and Burch 1955 CMFs, a significant shift in the function referring to the short-wavelength reference colour stimulus was observed. This discrepancy may be attributed to age-related yellowing of the lens, as the average age of our observers is much higher than that of the Stiles and Burch 1955 study.

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Effect of observer age and stimulus size on the color matching performance

Shen,

Huang,

Gao

et al. 2024

Color Research & Application

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The performance of color matching functions (CMFs) is important to color specification and calibration. In comparison to the great number of studies focusing on the effect of primary set, few studies focused on how observer age and field of view (FOV) jointly affected the performance of CMFs. In this study, a color matching experiment with three different primary sets, which were carefully selected based on our previous study, was carried out by two observer age groups under four FOVs (i.e., 2°, 4°, 8°, and 13°). The results suggested that the observer age had a more significant effect than the FOV, and the change of the FOV did not introduce a systematic trend to the color matching results. Neither the CIE 1931 2° nor 1964 10° CMFs were found to accurately characterize the color matches. The CIE 2006 CMFs with the FOV set to the experiment setup also did not have good performance. On average, the CIE 2006 2° CMFs were found to have the best performance, without considering the effects of the observer age and FOV.

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Impact of matching field size on color matching (functions) accuracy

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of primary peak wavelength and stimulus size on metameric failure through color difference evaluations

Effect of primary peak wavelength and stimulus size on metameric failure through color difference evaluations

Apparatus and Method for Measuring Individual Colour-Matching Functions

Effect of observer age and stimulus size on the color matching performance

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