Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Álvarez, Daniela; Muñoz, Yasna; Ortíz, Macarena; Maliqueo, Manuel; Chouinard‐Watkins, Raphaël; Valenzuela, Rodrigo

doi:10.3390/nu13010019

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(221 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, maternal obesity during pregnancy and lactation can alter PUFA metabolism, leading to decreased PUFA levels and synthesis [ 28 , 29 ] and impaired capacity for materno-fetal long-chain PUFA transfer [ 30 ]. It has also been shown that placental transfer of FA transporters is impaired by obesity [ 48 ], leading to reduced PUFA supply to the fetus [ 30 ]. The endogenous synthesis of DHA from ALA can be affected by obesity itself and obesity-related metabolic diseases [ 49 ], reducing the activity of Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturase enzymes [ 28 ], leading to impaired DHA synthesis and lower content of n-3 long-chain PUFA in erythrocytes and breast milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced n-3 and n-6 PUFA (DHA and AA) Concentrations in Breast Milk and Erythrocytes Phospholipids during Pregnancy and Lactation in Women with Obesity

Chamorro

Bascuñán

Barrera

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Obesity during pregnancy is a worrying public health problem worldwide. Maternal diet is critical for fatty acid (FA) placental transport and FA content in breast milk (BM). We evaluated FA composition in erythrocytes phospholipids (EP) and BM in pregnant women with (OBE, n = 30) and without (non-OBE, n = 31) obesity. Sixty-one healthy women were evaluated at their 20–24th gestational week and followed until 6th month of lactation. Diet was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire. FA composition of EP and BM was assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. The OBE group showed lower diet quality, but total n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), ALA, EPA, and DHA dietary intake was similar between groups. N-3 PUFA, ALA, DHA, and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in EP were lower at the 6th lactation month in the OBE group. In BM, the arachidonic acid (AA) concentration was lower at the end of the lactation, and DHA content showed an earlier and constant decline in the OBE group compared to the non-OBE group. In conclusion, n-3 PUFA and AA and DHA levels were reduced in EP and BM in pregnant women with obesity. Strategies to increase n-3 PUFA are urgently needed during pregnancy and lactation, particularly in women with obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced n-3 and n-6 PUFA (DHA and AA) Concentrations in Breast Milk and Erythrocytes Phospholipids during Pregnancy and Lactation in Women with Obesity

Chamorro

Bascuñán

Barrera

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Additionally, increased AA levels are associated with a pro-inflammatory state and an oxidative stress with short-and long-term consequences. It has recently been revealed that high levels of n − 6 LCPUFAs in maternal circulation found during pregnancy and lactation confer a higher risk of obesity and its complications, neuropsychiatric disorders, asthma, and cancer to the offspring [44]. When LA and ALA dietary contributions are similar, the formation of DHA is privileged over that of AA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Chemical Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Traditional Meat Products from Croatia and Montenegro

Pleadin¹,

Lešić²,

Vujačić³

et al. 2021

Journal of Food Quality

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The aim of this study was to compare chemical composition and fatty acid profile of Croatian and Montenegrin dry-cured meat products and dry-fermented sausages produced using a similar technology. Five types of products (n = 60) from both countries, i.e., prosciutto, sausages, pancetta, dry sirloin, and dry rack, were analysed. Basic chemical compositions and fatty acid methyl esters were determined using the accredited ISO methods. The obtained results showed no significant differences between Croatian and Montenegrin meat products in most of their chemical components, except for pancetta, in which significant differences in moisture ( p = 0.007), fat ( p = 0.016), and sugar ( p = 0.027) contents were established. The highest protein share, significantly differing between the countries of origin, was determined in prosciutto ( p = 0.018) and dry sirloin samples ( p = 0.014). As for individual fatty acids, the most represented was oleic acid (C18 : 1n − 9c, OA) in prosciutto (42.29%–42.34%), followed by palmitic (C16 : 0, PA) and stearic acid (C18 : 0, SA) in Croatian dry sirloin (27.60%) and dry rack (16.08%). The obtained monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), saturated fatty acid (SFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) shares are typical of pork meat products and were in the following decreasing order: 41.97–49.75%, 39.96–45.94%, and 7.69–14.96%, respectively. The n − 6/n − 3 ratios, which were five- to eight-fold higher than recommended, ranged from 14.82 (pancetta, Montenegro) to 25.83 (pancetta, Croatia) with differences between the countries of origin seen only in pancetta samples ( p < 0.001). Lipid quality indices (PUFA/SFA ratios), spanned from 0.17 (dry sirloin, Croatia) to 0.38 (pancetta, Montenegro), were also not in accordance with health recommendations. Since Montenegrin traditional meat products are unexplored yet, the obtained results could facilitate the procedure of their designation of origin and consequently contribute to their valorisation and recognisability in the international market.

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“…It has been reported that maternal obesity modifies fatty acid profile, resulting in low n-3 and elevated n-6 PUFA levels in maternal circulation during pregnancy ( 44 , 45 ). These modifications of the fatty acid profile are associated with a pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress with short- and long-term consequences in the fetus and neonate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Prepregnancy Obesity and Remodeled Maternal-Fetal Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles

Chen

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundFatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), are found abundantly in the brain and are fundamental for a fetus's growth. The fatty acid profiles of mothers and fetuses may be affected by maternal prepregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI), thus affecting fetal growth and development.MethodsA total of 103 mother-fetus pairs were divided into overweight/obese (OW, n = 26), normal weight (NW, n = 60), and underweight (UW, n = 17) groups according to pre-BMI. Fatty acid profiles in maternal and umbilical cord plasma were analyzed by gas chromatography.ResultsThe infant birth BMI z-score of the OW group was higher than that of the NW and UW groups (p < 0.05). The OW mothers had significantly higher plasma n-6 PUFA and n-6/n-3, but lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n-3 PUFA (p < 0.05). In cord plasma, the proportions of DHA and n-3 PUFA were lower in the OW group (p < 0.05), whereas the n-6/n-3 ratio was higher in the OW group (p < 0.05). The pre-BMI was negatively correlated with cord plasma DHA in all subjects (r = −0.303, p = 0.002), and the same negative correlation can be observed in the OW group (r = −0.561, p = 0.004), but not in the NW and UW groups (p > 0.05). The pre-BMI was positively correlated with cord plasma n-6/n-3 in all subjects (r = 0.325, p = 0.001), and the same positive correlation can be found in the OW group (r = 0.558, p = 0.004), but not in NW and UW groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsMaternal pre-BMI was associated with the maternal-fetal plasma fatty acid profiles, whereas the adverse fatty acid profiles are more noticeable in the prepregnancy OW mothers.

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Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Cited by 43 publications

References 183 publications

Reduced n-3 and n-6 PUFA (DHA and AA) Concentrations in Breast Milk and Erythrocytes Phospholipids during Pregnancy and Lactation in Women with Obesity

Reduced n-3 and n-6 PUFA (DHA and AA) Concentrations in Breast Milk and Erythrocytes Phospholipids during Pregnancy and Lactation in Women with Obesity

Comparison of Chemical Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Traditional Meat Products from Croatia and Montenegro

Association of Prepregnancy Obesity and Remodeled Maternal-Fetal Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles

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