Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Disease Activity and Gut Microbiota Composition of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Picchianti-Diamanti, Andrea; Panebianco, Concetta; Salerno, Gerardo; Rosa, Roberta; Salemi, Simonetta; Sorgi, Maria Laura; Meneguzzi, Giorgia; Mariani, M.; Rai, Alessandra; Iacono, Dalila; Sesti, Giorgio; Pazienza, Valerio; Laganà, Bruno

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8121989

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It is increased in CA and CRC patients [ 97 ] and decreased in obese individuals [ 98 ], which may explain the reduction observed in RS, which is a group defined by obesity and other commonly related clinical markers. According to the literature, Methanobrevibacter presented a low abundance in MD subjects [ 99 ]. The presence of Methanobrevibacter has been associated with the consumption of dietary fiber [ 100 ], but dairy products, which are consumed with moderation in MD, are also possible sources of M. smithii [ 101 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet to Prevent the Development of Colon Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Gut Microbiota Studies

2021

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Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a common feature in colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Adoption of the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for the prevention of multiple diseases, and one of its mechanisms of action is the modulation of the microbiota. We aimed to determine whether MD can be used as a preventive measure against cancer and inflammation-related diseases of the gut, based on its capacity to modulate the local microbiota. A joint meta-analysis of publicly available 16S data derived from subjects following MD or other diets and from patients with CRC, IBD, or other gut-related diseases was conducted. We observed that the microbiota associated with MD was enriched in bacteria that promote an anti-inflammatory environment but low in taxa with pro-inflammatory properties capable of altering intestinal barrier functions. We found an opposite trend in patients with intestinal diseases, including cancer. Some of these differences were maintained even when MD was compared to healthy controls without a defined diet. Our findings highlight the unique effects of MD on the gut microbiota and suggest that integrating MD principles into a person’s lifestyle may serve as a preventive method against cancer and other gut-related diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet to Prevent the Development of Colon Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Gut Microbiota Studies

2021

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“…Foods rich in fibers, such as those present in the Mediterranean diet (MD), indeed, are degraded by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes into SCFA, such as butyrate [81,82], which can have a protective role on the gut barrier by reducing its permeability. We have recently found that RA patients with high adherence to MD have a lower disease activity joined to a healthier gut microbiota composition with a significant decrease in Lactobacillaceae and an almost complete absence of Prevotella copri in comparison with the low/moderate adherence patients [83].…”

Section: Vitamin D and Gut Microbiota Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 96%

Vitamin D Signaling in Gastro-Rheumatology: From Immuno-Modulation to Potential Clinical Applications

Pagnini

Picchianti-Diamanti

Bruzzese

et al. 2021

IJMS

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In the last decades, the comprehension of the pathophysiology of bone metabolism and its interconnections with multiple homeostatic processes has been consistently expanded. The branch of osteoimmunology specifically investigating the link between bone and immune system has been developed. Among molecular mediators potentially relevant in this field, vitamin D has been recently pointed out, and abnormalities of the vitamin D axis have been described in both in vitro and in vivo models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and arthritis. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency has been reported in patients affected by IBD and chronic inflammatory arthritis, thus suggesting the intriguing possibility of impacting the disease activity by the administration vitamin D supplements. In the present review, the complex interwoven link between vitamin D signaling, gut barrier integrity, microbiota composition, and the immune system was examined. Potential clinical application exploiting vitamin D pathway in the context of IBD and arthritis is presented and critically discussed. A more detailed comprehension of the vitamin D effects and interactions at molecular level would allow one to achieve a novel therapeutic approach in gastro-rheumatologic inflammatory diseases through the design of specific trials and the optimization of treatment protocols.

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“…Furthermore, gut microbiota composition changes with disease progression, and correlates with increased disease duration and seropositivity [58]. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet seems to restore this dysbiosis, leading to reduced CRP levels and lower disease activity in patients with established RA [59].…”

Section: Diet and Nutrition Prevention Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Studying Genetically Predisposed Individuals Inform Prevention Strategies for RA?

et al. 2021

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder in which complex genetic predisposition interacts with multiple environmental factors to precipitate chronic and progressive immune-mediated joint inflammation. Currently, in most affected individuals, ongoing suppression of the inflammation is required to prevent irreversible damage and functional loss. The delineation of a protracted preclinical period in which autoimmunity is initially established and then evolves to become pathogenic provides unprecedented opportunities for interventions that have the potential to prevent the onset of this lifelong disease. Clinical trials aimed at assessing the impact of specific prevention strategies require the identification of individuals who are at high risk of future RA development. Currently, these risk factors include a strong family history of RA, and the detection of circulating RA-associated autoantibodies, particularly anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). Yet, even in such individuals, there remains considerable uncertainty about the likelihood and the timeframe for future disease development. Thus, individuals who are approached to participate in such clinical trials are left weighing the risks and benefits of the prevention measures, while having large gaps in our current understanding. To address this challenge, we have undertaken longitudinal studies of the family members of Indigenous North American RA patients, this population being known to have a high prevalence of RA, early age of onset, and familial clustering of cases. Our studies have indicated that the concepts of “risk” and “prevention” need to be communicated in a culturally relevant manner, and proposed prevention interventions need to have an appropriate balance of effectiveness, safety, convenience, and cultural acceptability. We have focused our proposed prevention studies on immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory nutritional supplements that appear to strike such a complex balance.

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Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Disease Activity and Gut Microbiota Composition of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Cited by 49 publications

References 46 publications

Mediterranean Diet to Prevent the Development of Colon Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Gut Microbiota Studies

Mediterranean Diet to Prevent the Development of Colon Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Gut Microbiota Studies

Vitamin D Signaling in Gastro-Rheumatology: From Immuno-Modulation to Potential Clinical Applications

Can Studying Genetically Predisposed Individuals Inform Prevention Strategies for RA?

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