Impact of medium-pressure direct injection in a spark-ignition engine fueled by hydrogen

Molina, S.; Novella, R.; Gomez-Soriano, J.; Olcina-Girona, M.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.130618

“…Direct injection, pressureboosted H 2 benefits from increased engine performance ratings and reduced exhaust emissions [35]. The use of hydrogen (as a single fuel) under highly diluted conditions results in reduced knocking combustion and low nitrogen oxide emissions, while increasing engine performance and efficiency [36][37][38].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Hydrogen Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on Knock Characteristics from Pre-Chamber Gas Engine Fueled by Hydrogen

Pielecha,

Szwajca,

Skobiej

2024

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Hydrogen-fueled engines require large values of the excess air ratio in order to achieve high thermal efficiency. A low value of this coefficient promotes knocking combustion. This paper analyzes the conditions for the occurrence of knocking combustion in an engine with a turbulent jet ignition (TJI) system with a passive pre-chamber. A single-cylinder engine equipped with a TJI system was running with an air-to-fuel equivalence ratio λ in the range of 1.25–2.00, and the center of combustion (CoC) was regulated in the range of 2–14 deg aTDC (top dead center). Such process conditions made it possible to fully analyze the ascension of knock combustion until its disappearance with the increase in lambda and CoC. Measures of knock in the form of maximum amplitude pressure oscillation (MAPO) and integral modulus of pressure oscillation (IMPO) were used. The absolute values of these indices were pointed out, which can provide the basis for the definition of knock combustion. Based on our own work, the MAPO index > 1 bar was defined, determining the occurrence of knocking (without indicating its quality). In addition, taking into account MAPO, it was concluded that IMPO > 0.13 bar·deg is the quantity responsible for knocking combustion.

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“…With current restrictions and global objectives in climate change mitigation and GHG emissions reduction, it is increasingly imperative to explore alternatives to traditional fuels for vehicle propulsion. A clear example of these restrictions is the European Union (EU), which aims to achieve zero GHG emissions by 2050 through the Green Deal program with an emphasis on transportation [1,2]. Among the alternatives, synthetic liquid fuels and electric vehicles are recognized [3], and more recently, H2 propulsion has stood out [4], either through fuel cells for electric power generation or through direct hydrogen combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild Hybrid Powertrain for Mitigating Loss of Volumetric Efficiency and Improving Fuel Economy of Gasoline Vehicles Converted to Hydrogen Fueling

Bibiloni,

Irimescu,

Martinez-Boggio

et al. 2024

Machines

1

0

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The pursuit of sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation has led to the exploration of alternative fuel sources, among which hydrogen stands out prominently. This work delves into the potential of hydrogen fuel for internal combustion engines (ICEs), emphasizing its capacity to ensure the required performance levels while concurrently enhancing overall efficiency. The integration of a mild hybrid powertrain in a small size passenger car was considered for obtaining a twofold advantage: mitigating power loss due to low volumetric efficiency and increasing fuel economy. A comprehensive approach combining 0D/1D modeling simulations and experimental validations was employed on a gasoline-powered small size ICE, considering its conversion to hydrogen, and mild hybridization. Vehicle simulations were performed in AVL Cruise M and validated against experimental data. Various electric motors were scrutinized for a small size battery pack typical of mild hybrid vehicles. Furthermore, the paper assesses the potential range achievable with the hydrogen-powered hybrid vehicle and compares it with the range reported by the manufacturer for the original gasoline and pure electric version. In terms of global results, these modifications were found to successfully improve efficiency compared to baseline gasoline and hydrogen fueling. Additionally, performance gains were achieved, surpassing the capabilities of the original gasoline vehicle despite its intrinsic volumetric efficiency limitations when using hydrogen. Along with the conversion to hydrogen and thus zero-carbon tail-pipe emissions, incorporating a Start/Stop system, and the integration of mild hybrid technology with energy recuperation during braking, overall efficiency was enhanced by up to 30% during urban use. Furthermore, the hybridization implemented in the H2 version allows an autonomy comparable to that of the electric vehicle but with evident shorter refilling times. Specific aspects of the 48 V battery management are also scrutinized.

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Enhanced spray-wall interaction model for port fuel injection under medium load conditions

Hamid,

Kunwar

2024

J Therm Anal Calorim

0

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This study presents an Eulerian-Lagrangian framework for the numerical analysis of spray dynamics, with a focus on droplet movement, spray-wall interactions, and the effects of varying injection parameters associated with port fuel injection (PFI) system. A grid-independent criterion is introduced to optimize mesh analysis for accurate predictions of fuel penetration length. The size distribution of secondary droplets is described using a probability density function, and statistical optimization is subsequently implemented to estimate their mean size. This probabilistic approach enhances the Lagrangian wall film (LWF) model, leading to accurate predictions of the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) at a given radial width ($$R_\text{{w}}$$ R w ), with results closely matching experimental data. For $$8.0 ~\text {mm} \le R_\text{{w}} \le 24.0 ~\text {mm}$$ 8.0 mm ≤ R w ≤ 24.0 mm , the maximum SMD of 21.67 $$\mu$$ μ m corresponds to $$R_\text{{w}} = 14.0, \text {mm}$$ R w = 14.0 , mm , while the smallest SMD of 12.68 $$\mu$$ μ m is computed for a radial position of $$R_\text{{w}} = 24.0 ~\text {mm}$$ R w = 24.0 mm . The numerical investigation quantifies the role of spray-wall interactions in determining the trajectory of fuel distribution, particularly in the formation of wall films and the relative spatio-temporal diesel concentration (F/A) %. The study explores aspects such as droplet size variations, heat transfer during evaporation, and film behavior under different injection pressures, providing insights into the multiphysical characteristics of spray-wall systems. Near the impingement site ($$2.0 ~\text {mm} \le R_\text{{w}} \le 4.0 ~\text {mm}$$ 2.0 mm ≤ R w ≤ 4.0 mm ), the plume height ($$H_\text{{w}}$$ H w ) slightly decreases with an increase in injection pressure. While the CFD methodology in this current work has been primarily developed for automotive engineering sector (PFI engines), it also has potential applications in areas such as additive manufacturing, hydropower engineering, climate science, and environmental engineering.

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Impact of medium-pressure direct injection in a spark-ignition engine fueled by hydrogen

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Experimental Investigation on Knock Characteristics from Pre-Chamber Gas Engine Fueled by Hydrogen

Experimental Investigation on Knock Characteristics from Pre-Chamber Gas Engine Fueled by Hydrogen

Mild Hybrid Powertrain for Mitigating Loss of Volumetric Efficiency and Improving Fuel Economy of Gasoline Vehicles Converted to Hydrogen Fueling

Enhanced spray-wall interaction model for port fuel injection under medium load conditions

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