Impact of micro irrigation on groundwater savings, productivity, and profitability of principal crops in the eastern dry zone and central dry zone of Karnataka: A resource economic analysis

Abstract

This study aims at estimating the cost of irrigation and its implications on water savings, productivity, net returns, and relative profitability. The study finds that irrigation cost forms a sizeable proportion of the total cost of production in both flow irrigation and micro irrigation systems. The economic analysis indicates that the crops considered are profitable-as reflected in the net returns realized, with and without irrigation cost-but upon accounting for the irrigation cost with externalities we see a sharp fall in net returns for all the crops. Nevertheless, micro irrigation enabled water savings, and it enhanced productivity and relative profitability.

Sustainable Groundwater Management Through Micro Irrigation: A Critical Review on Challenges and Solutions

“…Similarly, (Assouline et al, 2002;Nagaraj & Anitha, 2022) have demonstrated that micro irrigation can increase crop yield by 20 % to 90 %, depending on crop type, soil conditions, and management techniques. In an era of water scarcity and climate change, the ability to tailor water and nutrient delivery to specific crop needs makes micro irrigation a valuable tool for producers seeking to increase crop yields, sustainable resource management, and food production.…”

“…Meanwhile, a study conducted by Nagaraj and Anitha in India reveals that the implementation of micro irrigation leads to higher levels of output and profitability, while also promoting water conservation. However, when considering the expenditures associated with irrigation and its external effects, the overall net returns fall (Nagaraj & Anitha, 2022). Fishman et al (2015) emphasize the transition from conventional to accurate irrigation, demonstrating a decrease in water runoff that has ramifications for soil moisture and the interconnectedness of root zones.…”

A Study on Groundwater Irrigation Expansion in Bihar, India

“…In India, the green revolution was able to combat food shortages due to groundwater irrigation. However, at present, the effects of overdoses such as premature failure of resources, decreased groundwater discharge and depletion of water tables are evident [7,8]. Since independence, the area irrigated by government canals has decreased by 2.4 percent, while that irrigated by wells has increased by 3.9 percent [9].…”