Impact of Microgravity and Other Spaceflight Factors on Retina of Vertebrates and Humans In Vivo and In Vitro

Grigoryan, E. N.

doi:10.3390/life13061263

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…It is also known that the Müller cells of caudate amphibians are capable of gliotic response to changes occurring in the retina. This typical, well-known reaction to retinal damage [54] was observed in newts with NR detachment and with variations in intraocular pressure caused by simulated microgravity conditions [51,55]. Müller cells' gliotic response was also found in tailless amphibians [56].…”

Section: Source Cells and Means Of Retinal Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 75%

Cellular and Molecular Triggers of Retinal Regeneration in Amphibians

Markitantova,

Grigoryan

2023

Life

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Understanding the mechanisms triggering the initiation of retinal regeneration in amphibians may advance the quest for prevention and treatment options for degenerating human retina diseases. Natural retinal regeneration in amphibians requires two cell sources, namely retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and ciliary marginal zone. The disruption of RPE interaction with photoreceptors through surgery or injury triggers local and systemic responses for retinal protection. In mammals, disease-induced damage to the retina results in the shutdown of the function, cellular or oxidative stress, pronounced immune response, cell death and retinal degeneration. In contrast to retinal pathology in mammals, regenerative responses in amphibians have taxon-specific features ensuring efficient regeneration. These include rapid hemostasis, the recruitment of cells and factors of endogenous defense systems, activities of the immature immune system, high cell viability, and the efficiency of the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, and cell surface remodeling. These reactions are controlled by specific signaling pathways, transcription factors, and the epigenome, which are insufficiently studied. This review provides a summary of the mechanisms initiating retinal regeneration in amphibians and reveals its features collectively directed at recruiting universal responses to trauma to activate the cell sources of retinal regeneration. This study of the integrated molecular network of these processes is a prospect for future research in demand biomedicine.

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Section: Source Cells and Means Of Retinal Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 75%

Cellular and Molecular Triggers of Retinal Regeneration in Amphibians

Markitantova,

Grigoryan

2023

Life

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“…For a long time, newts have been regarded as a promising and convenient animal model for space biology studies [254][255][256]. These animals were used, for the first time, to study the regeneration of eye tissues and appendages after exposure to space conditions (review by [257,258]). In the experiments aboard the Foton-M2 and -M3 unmanned spacecrafts [259,260], we compared the morphologies of the regenerating tail in newts Pl.…”

Section: The Effect Of Gravity Doze On the Morphology Of Regenerating...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tail and Spinal Cord Regeneration in Urodelean Amphibians

Grigoryan,

Markitantova

2024

Life

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Urodelean amphibians can regenerate the tail and the spinal cord (SC) and maintain this ability throughout their life. This clearly distinguishes these animals from mammals. The phenomenon of tail and SC regeneration is based on the capability of cells involved in regeneration to dedifferentiate, enter the cell cycle, and change their (or return to the pre-existing) phenotype during de novo organ formation. The second critical aspect of the successful tail and SC regeneration is the mutual molecular regulation by tissues, of which the SC and the apical wound epidermis are the leaders. Molecular regulatory systems include signaling pathways components, inflammatory factors, ECM molecules, ROS, hormones, neurotransmitters, HSPs, transcriptional and epigenetic factors, etc. The control, carried out by regulatory networks on the feedback principle, recruits the mechanisms used in embryogenesis and accompanies all stages of organ regeneration, from the moment of damage to the completion of morphogenesis and patterning of all its structures. The late regeneration stages and the effects of external factors on them have been poorly studied. A new model for addressing this issue is herein proposed. The data summarized in the review contribute to understanding a wide range of fundamentally important issues in the regenerative biology of tissues and organs in vertebrates including humans.

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“…Animal models have played a crucial role in space research over the years [24][25][26][27][28][29]. Among them, rodents remain the most commonly used model objects [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Study of the Caudal Vertebrae of Thick-Toed Geckos after a Prolonged Space Flight by X-ray Phase-Contrast Micro-CT

Bukreeva,

Gulimova,

Krivonosov

et al. 2023

Cells

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The proximal caudal vertebrae and notochord in thick-toed geckos (TG) (Chondrodactylus turneri, Gray, 1864) were investigated after a 30-day space flight onboard the biosatellite Bion-M1. This region has not been explored in previous studies. Our research focused on finding sites most affected by demineralization caused by microgravity (G0). We used X-ray phase-contrast tomography to study TG samples without invasive prior preparation to clarify our previous findings on the resistance of TG’s bones to demineralization in G0. The results of the present study confirmed that geckos are capable of preserving bone mass after flight, as neither cortical nor trabecular bone volume fraction showed statistically significant changes after flight. On the other hand, we observed a clear decrease in the mineralization of the notochordal septum and a substantial rise in intercentrum volume following the flight. To monitor TG’s mineral metabolism in G0, we propose to measure the volume of mineralized tissue in the notochordal septum. This technique holds promise as a sensitive approach to track the demineralization process in G0, given that the volume of calcification within the septum is limited, making it easy to detect even slight changes in mineral content.

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Impact of Microgravity and Other Spaceflight Factors on Retina of Vertebrates and Humans In Vivo and In Vitro

Cited by 5 publications

References 143 publications

Cellular and Molecular Triggers of Retinal Regeneration in Amphibians

Cellular and Molecular Triggers of Retinal Regeneration in Amphibians

Tail and Spinal Cord Regeneration in Urodelean Amphibians

The Study of the Caudal Vertebrae of Thick-Toed Geckos after a Prolonged Space Flight by X-ray Phase-Contrast Micro-CT

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