Impact of micronized starfruit (<i>Averrhoa carambola</i>L.) fiber concentrate on lipid metabolism in mice

Herman‐Lara, Erasmo; Elvira-Torales, Laura Inés; Rodríguez‐Miranda, Jesús; Torruco‐Uco, Juan G.; Carmona‐García, Roselis; Mendoza-García, Patricia G.; Garcı́a, Hugo S.; Soto-Rodríguez, Ida; Sánchez-Valdivieso, Enrique Alejandro; Martínez‐Sánchez, Cecilia E.

doi:10.3109/09637486.2014.918590

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As there are almost no previous data on the effects of cereal fibre on NAFLD in humans or animals, we can only speculate about an underlying possible, plausible explanation. Rodent trials on fibre and NAFLD reported concomitant improvements in serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, which we did not see [46,47,48]. Given the heterogeneous nature of T2DM and its “precursor”, prediabetes, certain subphenotypes might benefit from cereal fibre in a more extensive manner than others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Obesity Does Not Modulate the Glycometabolic Benefit of Insoluble Cereal Fibre in Subjects with Prediabetes—A Stratified Post Hoc Analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT)

et al. 2019

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Obesity does not modulate the glycometabolic benefit of insoluble cereal fibre in subjects with prediabetes—a stratified post hoc analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT). Background: OptiFiT demonstrated the beneficial effect of insoluble oat fibres on dysglycemia in prediabetes. Recent analyses of OptiFiT and other randomised controlled trials (RCTs) indicated that this effect might be specific for the subgroup of patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). As subjects with IFG are more often obese, there is a need to clarify if the effect modulation is actually driven by glycemic state or body mass index (BMI). Aim: We conducted a stratified post hoc analysis of OptiFiT based on the presence or absence of obesity. Methods: 180 Caucasian participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were randomised in a double-blinded fashion to either twice-a-day fibre or placebo supplementation for 2 years (n = 89 and 91, respectively). Once a year, they underwent fasting blood sampling, an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) and full anthropometry. At baseline, out of 136 subjects who completed the first year of intervention, 87 (62%) were classified as OBESE (BMI >30) and 49 subjects were NONOBESE. We performed a stratified per-protocol analysis of the primary glycemic and secondary metabolic effects attributable to dietary fibre supplementation after 1 year of intervention. Results: Neither the NONOBESE nor the OBESE subgroup showed significant differences between the respective fibre and placebo groups in metabolic, anthropometric or inflammatory outcomes. None of the four subgroups showed a significant improvement in either fasting glucose or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) after 1 year of intervention and only OBESE fibre subjects improved 2 h glucose. Within the NONOBESE stratum, there were no significant differences in the change of primary or secondary metabolic parameters between the fibre and placebo arms. We found a significant interaction effect for leukocyte count (time × supplement × obesity status). Within the OBESE stratum, leukocyte count and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels decreased more in the fibre group compared with placebo (adjusted for change in body weight). Comparison of both fibre groups revealed that OBESE subjects had a significantly stronger benefit with respect to leukocyte count and fasting C-peptide levels than NONOBESE participants. Only the effect on leukocyte count survived correction for multiple comparisons. In contrast, under placebo conditions, NONOBESE subjects managed to decrease their body fat content significantly more than OBESE ones. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis resulted in similar outcomes. Conclusions: The state of obesity does not relevantly modulate the beneficial effect of cereal fibre on major glycometabolic parameters by fibre supplementation, but leukocyte levels may be affected. Hence, BMI is not a suitable parameter to stratify this cohort with respect to diabetes risk or responsiveness to cereal fibre, but obesity needs to be accounted for when asse...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Obesity Does Not Modulate the Glycometabolic Benefit of Insoluble Cereal Fibre in Subjects with Prediabetes—A Stratified Post Hoc Analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT)

et al. 2019

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“…A study done in 2014 by Herman‐Lara et al found that feeding of micronized star fruit fiber concentrate to C57BL/6 mice significantly lowers the concentrations of serum triacylglycerides, serum total cholesterol, and liver lipids to different extents. It did this by enhancing the excretion of lipids and cholesterol (Herman‐Lara et al., 2014). Wu et al found microsized star fruit fibers lower the concentrations of serum triglyceride (by 15.6%–17.8%) and serum total cholesterol (by 15.7%–17.0%).…”

Section: Results and Discussion Of Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and medicinal properties of Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola): A review

Lakmal

Yasawardene

Jayarajah

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola), a popular fruit in many parts of the world, is considered to have many beneficial nutritional and medicinal effects. However, harmful nephrotoxic and neurotoxic effects have also been described. In this review, we have discussed the reported beneficial effects of star fruit, explored the potential mechanisms for such beneficial effects, and outline factors that may affect the safe level of consumption. The beneficial effects include the following: antioxidant (mediated via L‐ascorbic acid, epicatechin, and gallic acid), hypoglycemic (mediated via high fiber levels and 2‐dodecyl‐6‐methoxycyclohexa‐2,5‐diene‐1,4‐dione), hypotensive (mediated via apigenin), hypocholesterolemic (mediated via micronized fiber), anti‐inflammatory, anti‐infective, antitumor effects, and immune‐boosting effects. The presence of chronic kidney disease, gastroenteropathies, chronic pancreatitis, dehydration, consumption on an empty stomach, and higher concentration of oxalate in fruit/juice consumed predisposes to toxicity. The level of ingestion at which the beneficial effects transition to nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity is still to be accurately ascertained. Furthermore, the relationship between the amount of star fruit ingested and the severity of toxicity is not certain and warrants further study.

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“…Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the most common causes of death globally, with hyperlipidemia representing one of its main risk factors ( Mahdavi et al, 2020 ; Jayachandran and Qu, 2021 ). In Herman-Lara et al (2014) evaluation of the protective activity of micronized insoluble fiber from the bagasse of A. carambola as an ingredient of a functional food (FF) or as micronized insoluble fiber-rich fraction (IFRF) and its effects in vivo on lipid metabolism in a murine model, serum TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C decreased after a murine model was treated with IFRF and FF, with corresponding inhibition rates of 14.2, 25.4, 55.06, and 12.18% by IFRF, and 30.18, 39.47, 35.11, and 43.18% by FF. IFRF treatment also produced higher hypolipidemic activity and greatly avoided the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver.…”

Section: Pharmacological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IFRF treatment also produced higher hypolipidemic activity and greatly avoided the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver. Overall, IFRF and FF exerted hypolipidemic qualities, indicating that the star fruit’s insoluble fiber is potentially a component of FFs in the treatment and prevention of CVDs ( Herman-Lara et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Pharmacological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of Averrhoa carambola L.: A Review

et al. 2021

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Averrhoa carambola L. (star fruit) is an edible fruit that is extensively cultivated in southern China, Southeast Asia, India, and northern South America. It has a sweet and juicy taste and is frequently used in fruit salads and fruit platters, as a garnish in cocktail drinks and beverages, or squeezed into juice and served as a beverage. Traditionally, it has been used for treating diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, arthralgia, vomiting, lithangiuria, coughing, hangovers, and chronic paroxysmal headache for thousands of years. Currently, approximately 132 compounds have been isolated from A. carambola. Among them, flavonoids, benzoquinone, and their glycosides have been considered as biologically active substances, which are responsible for various biological activities. Pharmacological studies have revealed that crude extracts or monomeric compounds from A. carambola exhibit multiple bioactivities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive, neuroprotective, and others. Thus, A. carambola is a valuable treatment in Chinese medicine with therapeutic potential for multiple diseases, especially diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. Even though it is a very promising candidate in the development of functional food and the pharmaceutical industry, reports on its bioactivities have only been conducted in vivo and in vitro and there is a gap in research regarding clinical settings and safety. This review therefore provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of current progress on botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of A. carambola, providing a valuable reference for further developments and applications of A. carambola in the pharmaceutical industry and functional food.

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Impact of micronized starfruit (Averrhoa carambolaL.) fiber concentrate on lipid metabolism in mice

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Obesity Does Not Modulate the Glycometabolic Benefit of Insoluble Cereal Fibre in Subjects with Prediabetes—A Stratified Post Hoc Analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT)

Obesity Does Not Modulate the Glycometabolic Benefit of Insoluble Cereal Fibre in Subjects with Prediabetes—A Stratified Post Hoc Analysis of the Optimal Fibre Trial (OptiFiT)

Nutritional and medicinal properties of Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola): A review

Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of Averrhoa carambola L.: A Review

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