Impact of microscale properties measured by 50-MHz acoustic microscopy on mesoscale elastic and ultimate mechanical cortical bone properties

Computational Study of the Effect of Cortical Porosity on Ultrasound Wave Propagation in Healthy and Osteoporotic Long Bones

“…The structural and material properties were derived from [14], in which the Haversian canals of normal size were differentiated from the RLs to distinguish healthy bones (with no or few RL) from degenerated ones. As can be seen in Figure 1, the cortical bone was modeled as a 2D plate (length 40 mm, width 4 mm) surrounded by water (upper surface 4 mm, lower surface 2 mm).…”

“…The selection of the porosities of Series I_Po0-16, and the sizes of the RL were based on previous studies investigating the interaction of ultrasound with cortical porosity [2,5,10,14]. However, it should be emphasized that the evaluation of cortical porosity depends on several parameters such as age, gender and region of interest [5].…”

Ultrasonic evaluation of intact, healing and osteoporotic long bones

“…X-ray computed tomography was used in (Moilanen et al 2007) to establish more realistic 3D geometries of the human radius cortical bone and ultrasonically determine the thickness based on a guided wave analysis. Other numerical studies focus on the evaluation of cortical microstructure, porosity and anisotropy using QUS , Grimal et al 2013, Granke et al 2011, Bourgnon et al 2014. In , Grimal et al 2013) SAM images of the human femoral neck were used to study the interaction of ultrasound with cortical microstructure, porosity and thickness.…”

“…Emphasis was given on the identification of RL occurrence which may cause the thinning of the cortical surface and the increase of porosity at a later stage of osteoporosis. Compared to (Bourgnon et al 2014), we extended the analysis from a small segment of cortical bone to the whole cortical cortex integrating more than a single RL. In addition, the gradual formation of osteoporosis was examined by considering concentrations of scatterers with larger diameters in the endosteal cortex and smaller pores in the periosteum.…”

“…In , Iori et al 2015, Bourgnon et al 2014, the backscattering method was used to evaluate the variation of scattering phenomena due to the interaction of ultrasound with various microstructural models. Different porosities and pore sizes were considered to simulate normal and pathological cases.…”