Impact of Model Skeletonization on Water Distribution Model Parameters as Related to Water Quality and Contaminant Consequence Assessment

Bahadur, Rakesh; Johnson, Jeffrey P.; Janke, Robert; Samuels, William B.

doi:10.1061/40941(247)64

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The model for Network N3 is proprietary and cannot be shared. tonization, consistent with the results reported by Bahadur et al (2008). The skeletonization process removes pipes with diameters below a certain size.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Development of CWS designs is discussed in Davis et al (2013). TEVA-SPOT optimizes sensor placement using a heuristic approach (Berry et al, 2006). Designs were developed for the original and the three skeletonized network models for each WDS for three sensor set sizes (5, 10, and 25 sensors) and for five different dose levels ranging from 10 −4 to 1 mg. A total of 120 designs were developed for each network (two objectives, four network models, three sensor set sizes, and five dose levels).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lack of structural detail in the network models developed for WDSs is known to reduce the accuracy of estimated adverse health effects associated with potential contamination events in these systems (e.g., Grayman et al, 1991;Grayman and Rhee, 2000;Bahadur et al, 2008;Janke et al, 2007Janke et al, , 2009; . Lack of network model detail is also known to affect sensor placement in the design of CWSs (Klise et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Most studied has been the influence of uncertainty in the nature of potential contamination events; Davis et al (2013) provide a recent review of work in this area. Studies also have considered the influence of uncertainty in water demand (e.g., Berry et al, 2006;Comboul and Ghanem, 2012;Cozzolino et al, 2006Cozzolino et al, , 2011Mukherjee et al, 2017;Ostfeld and Salomons, 2005a, b;Shastri and Diwekar, 2006) and population density (Rico-Ramirez et al, 2007;Davis et al, 2013). Davis et al (2013) also considered the influence of uncertainty in the rate of contaminant decay in a network following injection and uncertainty in the nature of the exposure model used to assess the consequences of a contamination event.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effect of a loss of model structural detail due to network skeletonization on contamination warning system design: case studies

Davis

Janke

2018

Drink. Water Eng. Sci.

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Abstract. The effect of limitations in the structural detail available in a network model on contamination warning system (CWS) design was examined in case studies using the original and skeletonized network models for two water distribution systems (WDSs). The skeletonized models were used as proxies for incomplete network models. CWS designs were developed by optimizing sensor placements for worst-case and mean-case contamination events. Designs developed using the skeletonized network models were transplanted into the original network model for evaluation. CWS performance was defined as the number of people who ingest more than some quantity of a contaminant in tap water before the CWS detects the presence of contamination. Lack of structural detail in a network model can result in CWS designs that (1) provide considerably less protection against worst-case contamination events than that obtained when a more complete network model is available and (2) yield substantial underestimates of the consequences associated with a contamination event. Nevertheless, CWSs developed using skeletonized network models can provide useful reductions in consequences for contaminants whose effects are not localized near the injection location. Mean-case designs can yield worst-case performances similar to those for worst-case designs when there is uncertainty in the network model. Improvements in network models for WDSs have the potential to yield significant improvements in CWS designs as well as more realistic evaluations of those designs. Although such improvements would be expected to yield improved CWS performance, the expected improvements in CWS performance have not been quantified previously. The results presented here should be useful to those responsible for the design or implementation of CWSs, particularly managers and engineers in water utilities, and encourage the development of improved network models.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of a loss of model structural detail due to network skeletonization on contamination warning system design: case studies

Davis

Janke

2018

Drink. Water Eng. Sci.

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“…This is avoided in the proposed metric, where criticality of each segment is used as a weighting factor instead of nodal demand. Readers can refer to [56] for more details about zero-demand nodes and the network structure.…”

Section: Metric Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Metric for Assessing Resilience of Water Distribution Networks

Assad

Moselhi

Zayed

2019

Water

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Water distribution networks (WDNs) face various types of hazards during their extended life. Ensuring proper functioning of WDNs has always been a major concern for utility managers because of their impact on public health and safety. Resilience is an emerging concept that aims at maintaining functionality of the WDNs. Most of the previously developed resilience frameworks employed simulation methods to assess resilience of the WDNs, focusing only on the specific aspects of resilience. There is a need to develop a holistic approach to evaluate the resilience of WDNs considering various dimensions of resilience. This paper presents a new multi-attribute resilience metric based on the robustness and redundancy of the WDNs, which can be used to achieve the purpose. The developed metric is used to evaluate the resilience of a WDN in the city of London, Ontario. An optimization framework for enhancing the current resilience level is also presented. Resilience of the network is found to increase around 20% with a $500,000 investment. A hazard scenario is then analyzed to illustrate the practicality of using this metric in selecting effective restoration strategies. The proposed metric can be utilized by water agencies to evaluate and enhance the resilience of WDNs, as well as to optimize the recovery process after disruptive events.

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Skeletonizing Pipes in Series within Urban Water Distribution Systems Using a Transient-Based Method

et al. 2019

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Many skeletonization methods have been developed to simplify WDSs' configurations to facilitate practical applications of hydraulic modeling and analysis. However, these approaches are generally based on steady-state hydraulic analysis, and hence the skeletonized systems can not represent the underlying transient properties of the original systems, resulting in potential risk when handling with extreme hydraulic events induced by transients (e.g., pipe bursts). To this end, this paper proposes a transient-based method to ensure the skeletonized systems can capture the overall transient properties of the original WDSs. Two transient-based criteria are proposed as principle to skeletonize pipes in series, and three assessment metrics are adopted to evaluate the transient performance of the skeletonized systems. Two WDSs are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the skeletonized systems produced by the proposed approach match well with the original WDSs in terms of transient dynamics, with performance significantly outperforming the traditional steady-state based skeletonization method. The proposed approach offers an important tool to enable effective skeletonization of real-world WDSs for transient modeling and analysis.

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Impact of Model Skeletonization on Water Distribution Model Parameters as Related to Water Quality and Contaminant Consequence Assessment

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of a loss of model structural detail due to network skeletonization on contamination warning system design: case studies

The effect of a loss of model structural detail due to network skeletonization on contamination warning system design: case studies

A New Metric for Assessing Resilience of Water Distribution Networks

Skeletonizing Pipes in Series within Urban Water Distribution Systems Using a Transient-Based Method

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