Impact of NaCl on drying shrinkage behavior of low-plasticity soil in earthen heritages

Zhang, Yue; Ye, Weimin; Chen, Yong-Gui; Bao, Changchun

doi:10.1139/cgj-2016-0403

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…It appears that all the points lay on one unique line, suggesting that the matric suction was highly related to the water content of samples, whereas the salinity had no significant effect on matric suction. This was in good agreement with previous results from Miller and Nelson (1993), Leong et al (2007), Sreedeep and Singh (2011) and Zhang et al (2017). It was also observed that, for the dry samples with the same water content, the matric suctions of saltless and saline samples were quite close, while the matric suctions of saltless samples compacted at optimum state and on wet side were Fig.…”

Section: Matric Suctionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Salinity Assessment for Salted Soil Considering Both Dissolved and Precipitated Salts

Ying

Duc²,

Cui

et al. 2021

Geotechnical Testing Journal

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To better understand the salinity effect on the compaction behaviour of soil, standard Proctor compaction test was conducted on soil samples with different salinities. Matric suction and small-strain shear modulus, G max , were determined and pore size distribution was also investigated on samples statically compacted at different water contents. Results showed that with the decrease of soil salinity from initial value of 2.1& (g of salt/kg of dry soil) to zero, the maximum dry density increased and the optimum water content decreased, whereas there was no significant change with the increase of soil salinity from 2.1& to 6.76&. Interestingly, it was observed that G max also decreased when the soil salinity decreased from initial value of 2.1& to zero and kept almost constant when the soil salinity increased from 2.1& to 6.76&, for dry samples with similar matric suction and also for samples compacted at optimum state and on wet side whose matric suctions were slightly different due to the difference in remoulded water content. Furthermore, the effect of salinity on compaction behaviour and G max decreased for samples compacted from dry side to wet side. The pore size distribution exhibited bi-modal characteristics with two populations of micro-and macro-pores not only for samples compacted on dry side and at optimum state, but also for those compacted on wet side. Further examination showed that the modal size of micro-pores shifted to lower values and that of macro-pores shifted to higher values for saline soil compared to the soil without salt.

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Section: Matric Suctionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Salinity Assessment for Salted Soil Considering Both Dissolved and Precipitated Salts

Ying

Duc²,

Cui

et al. 2021

Geotechnical Testing Journal

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“…The changes of intermolecular interactions and porosity are expected to influence s M . However, such the dependence on concentration and porosity is much weaker compared to the dependence on water content (Zhang et al, ) and will be neglected in the following derivations. That is to say, once we obtain the s M ‐ w relationship in the condition of c = 0 and p i = 0, we can apply this s M ‐ w relationship to the cases with variable c and p i , as will be shown in section .…”

Section: A Generalized Clapeyron Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Generalized Clapeyron Equation to Freezing Point Depression and Unfrozen Water Content

Zhou

Lai

Wei

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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Freezing point and unfrozen water content are key parameters in modeling the heat and mass transfer under the cyclic change of atmosphere temperature. It is theoretically revealed the relation between the measured pore pressure and true pore pressure with physicochemical interactions. A new generalized Clapeyron equation is derived, which addresses the relationship among the measured pore water, ice‐liquid capillary pressure, and pore solution concentration for the frozen soil. The generalized Clapeyron equation is applied to derive the expressions for the freezing point and unfrozen water content in frozen soils at various thermodynamical conditions. The freezing point of soil is calculated and compared with the experimental results, showing that the freezing point depression becomes more pronounced as water content decreases and solution concentration increases. It is also shown that the NaCl solution with relatively high concentration in soil pore approximates the ideal dilute solution while Na2CO3 and some other solutions in soil are significantly different than the ideal dilute solution. Upon assuming the unfrozen water content is only determined by the capillary pressure, the Clapeyron equation links the soil water characteristic curve into the soil freezing characteristic curve. The unfrozen water content in the saline frozen soil and the frozen soil under overburden pressure is also calculated according to the expression derived from the generalized Clapeyron equation.

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“…A third mode corresponded to a bi-modal PSD where drying resulted in a reduction of macro-pore (or inter-aggregate pore) volume and thus an increase of micro-pore (or intra-aggregate pore) volume in which the macro-pores and micro-pores were delimitated at entrance pore diameter of 0.22 μm. Zhang et al (2017) conducted MIP tests on dried low plasticity soil slurries and reported that the uni-modal PSD curves first experienced a shift of the peak pore modal size to a lower value without much reduction of magnitude. But with further drying, the uni-modal PSD curves changed to a bimodal pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drying effect on the microstructure of compacted salted silt

et al. 2023

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This study investigates the drying-induced microstructure evolution of compacted silt with different salinities, using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The pore size distribution (PSD) of specimens compacted near optimum (w = 17%) exhibited bi-modal characteristics. Upon drying (w = 8%), the PSD changed to tri-modal pattern with appearance of a new nano-pore population. This suggested the development of nano-fissures which could occur in the clay fraction and at the interface between clay particles and silt/sand grains due to the clay shrinkage. With further drying (w = 3%), the nano-pores disappeared and the PSD recovered to bi-modal characteristics, suggesting that the created nano-fissures were enlarged until they became micro-fissures. The salinity seemed to decrease the frequency of the drying-induced micro-pores due to the enhanced mechanical strength of salted soil by the soil aggregation resulting from the compression of diffuse double layer and a possible cementation effect produced by precipitated salt. However, the salinity effect was relatively low, due to (i) the low clay fraction (15.7%) and the low activity clay minerals (illite, chlorite and kaolinite), (ii) the low specific surface area (24 m 2 /g) which limited the salinity effect on diffuse double layer.

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Impact of NaCl on drying shrinkage behavior of low-plasticity soil in earthen heritages

Cited by 29 publications

References 96 publications

Salinity Assessment for Salted Soil Considering Both Dissolved and Precipitated Salts

Salinity Assessment for Salted Soil Considering Both Dissolved and Precipitated Salts

Application of the Generalized Clapeyron Equation to Freezing Point Depression and Unfrozen Water Content

Drying effect on the microstructure of compacted salted silt

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