Impact of NAD+ metabolism on ovarian aging

Abstract

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a crucial coenzyme in cellular redox reactions, is closely associated with age-related functional degeneration and metabolic diseases. NAD exerts direct and indirect influences on many crucial cellular functions, including metabolic pathways, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, cellular senescence, and immune cell functionality. These cellular processes and functions are essential for maintaining tissue and metabolic homeostasis, as well as healthy aging. Causality has been elucidated between a decline in NAD levels and multiple age-related diseases, which has been confirmed by various strategies aimed at increasing NAD levels in the preclinical setting. Ovarian aging is recognized as a natural process characterized by a decline in follicle number and function, resulting in decreased estrogen production and menopause. In this regard, it is necessary to address the many factors involved in this complicated procedure, which could improve fertility in women of advanced maternal age. Concerning the decrease in NAD+ levels as ovarian aging progresses, promising and exciting results are presented for strategies using NAD+ precursors to promote NAD+ biosynthesis, which could substantially improve oocyte quality and alleviate ovarian aging. Hence, to acquire further insights into NAD+ metabolism and biology, this review aims to probe the factors affecting ovarian aging, the characteristics of NAD+ precursors, and the current research status of NAD+ supplementation in ovarian aging. Specifically, by gaining a comprehensive understanding of these aspects, we are optimistic about the prominent progress that will be made in both research and therapy related to ovarian aging.

Genome Availability: Changes in the Chromatin of Cells of the Follicular Environment of Oocytes Under Conditions of Oxidative Stress in Vitro

“…In addition, an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species was observed when Ex527 inhibited SIRT-1 activity. SIRT-1 may be an excellent pharmacological target for improving oocyte quality and in vitro fertilization outcome in aging or aging-like diseases [2][3][4][5].…”

“…Крім того, спостерігалося підвищення внутрішньоклітинних активних форм кисню, коли активність СІРТ-1 пригнічувалася Ex527. Вважають, що СІРТ-1 може бути чудовою фармакологічною мішенню для покращення якості ооцитів і результату екстракорпорального запліднення при старінні або подібних до старіння захворюваннях [2][3][4][5].…”

Targeting mitochondria for ovarian aging: new insights into mechanisms and therapeutic potential

“…Low levels of NAD+ have been demonstrated to be associated with mitochondrial metabolism disorders and the senescence of stem cells, whereas elevated NAD+ levels have been linked to enhanced mitochondrial function ( 96 , 97 ). The study by Yang et al.…”

Examining the Effects of Nutrient Supplementation on Metabolic Pathways via Mitochondrial Ferredoxin in Aging Ovaries

“…In recent years, there has been a burgeoning interest in exploring the potential of nutritional supplements to alleviate the impacts of ovarian aging [3]. These supplements encompass a range of nutrients, including antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, which have garnered attention for their ability to combat oxidative stress, dampen inflammation, and bolster overall ovarian well-being.…”