Impact of National Movement Control Orders toward Ground Level Ozone Concentrations in Shah Alam

Awang, Norrimi Rosaida; Hussin, Nur Nadhirah Mohd; Nazir, Amni Umirah Mohd

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1102/1/012046

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Meanwhile, in Malaysia, particulate matter (PM) reductions of 58.4% were first observed over the Peninsular Malaysia region during the MCO period [3]. As been reported by Awang et al [4] there are a slight decrease in O3 concentration has been recorded in Shah Alam upon implementation of MCOs. Encouraged by the finding of researchers on air pollutants, this study would like to determine the impact of the MCO on the ground level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Diurnal variation of secondary air pollutant concentrations during movement restriction orders in Johor

Awang,

Kumar

2023

BIO Web Conf.

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Secondary air pollutants are those that are formed through chemical reactions between primary pollutants and other substances in the atmosphere. Diurnal variations in secondary air pollutants can occur due to changes in sunlight, temperature, and the presence of other chemicals in the atmosphere. Ground-level ozone is created when sunlight interacts with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air. This study focused on secondary air pollution levels during movement restriction orders (MCOs)using hourly average ozone data acquired from the Department of Environment Malaysia in 2020 and 2021 in Batu Pahat station. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, time series analysis, and diurnal plot. The diurnal pattern of ozone concentrations showed a consistent trend in the location, with the highest levels observed from noon to evening and the lowest levels at night. Additionally, the study found that ozone levels were highest during the movement control order (MCOs) compared to the conditional movement control order (CMCO) and restricted movement control order (RMCO) with mean values of 18.1 ppb, 14.5 ppb and 17.4 ppb, respectively due to increased sunlight during the summer months. The study findings can be used to identify and study the best conditions to decrease ozone air pollution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Diurnal variation of secondary air pollutant concentrations during movement restriction orders in Johor

Awang,

Kumar

2023

BIO Web Conf.

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“…Conversely, NO2 displayed late afternoon peaks at 10 p.m. for both urban and suburban sites, with concentrations of 20 ppb and 12 ppb, respectively. This peak coincided with rush-hour traffic (Latif et al, 2021;Awang et al, 2022). Even though the effect of light pollution is small, still, this phenomenon has different consequences for O3 formation (AGU, 2012), where the lighting in urban sites influences NO3 photolysis as a sink for NO3 and N2O5 at night (Brown et al, 2007;Stark et al, 2010).…”

Section: Time Series and Diurnal Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to various anthropogenic activities which became a significant source of O3 precursors in urban areas (Ghazali et al, 2010;Latif et al, 2012;Awang et al, 2015;Shith et al, 2021;Shith et al, 2022). After the MCO, the O3 concentrations reduced significantly, indicating the reduction in motor vehicles on the road as the effect of the temporary closure of industries during the MCO 1 (Othman & Latif, 2020;Mohd Nadzir et al, 2021;Awang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Nighttime Ground-level O3 and No2 Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of nocturnal interactions between ground-level ozone and nitrogen dioxide

2023

Global NEST: The International Journal

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<p>This study analyses nighttime (7 p.m. to 6 a.m.) light pollution effects on ground-level ozone production in urban and sub-urban sites in Malaysia. In the absence of solar radiation, no photochemical reaction will occur during nighttime, resulting in zero readings of ground-level ozone (O3). O3 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) data collected in 2020 were analysed to assess time series and diurnal variability at each site and between sites. The highest nighttime mean O3 concentration is Minden (60 ppb); meanwhile, for nighttime mean NO2 concentrations, the highest is Klang (43 ppb). The results show that sub-urban experienced higher O3 variations compared to urban areas. The monthly mean nighttime O3 and NO2 in urban and suburban areas display a gradual increase in O3 and NO2 variations from March to April, followed by a decreasing trend in the mid of the year. These variations in monthly air pollutants are related to the MCO, CMCO, and RMCO in Malaysia during 2020. Putrajaya (sub-urban site) was the darkest site (average lux: 20) for the whole dataset. In contrast, Minden (sub-urban site) was recorded as the brightest site with maximum light pollution (average lux: 70). The relationship between O3 and NO2 shows a negative correlation during nighttime for urban and suburban sites. Light pollution can reach levels that might affect nocturnal O3 and NO2 concentrations; therefore, the long-term variability of light pollution is essential for air pollution studies.</p>

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Spatial Distribution of Ground Level Ozone Concentrations in Klang Valley

Awang,

Wan Azlan,

Mohd Nadzir

et al. 2024

BIO Web Conf.

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Ground-level ozone (O3) is a significant air pollutant formed when sunlight reacts with nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It poses risks to human health, vegetation, crops, and materials. This study focuses on ground-level ozone in Klang Valley, Malaysia, using hourly average data from 2010 to 2020 acquired from the Department of Environment in Klang, Shah Alam, and Petaling Jaya. Descriptive statistics and GIS tools are employed to analyse the distribution and variations of pollutants during the study periods. The study revealed that the maximum concentration in all locations in most of the year exceeded 100 ppb, with the maximum recorded in Shah Alam at 161 ppb, while mean concentrations were 13.69 – 21.18 ppb in Klang, 17.99 – 23.88 ppb in Shah Alam, and 9.40 – 17.93 ppb in Petaling Jaya, with the daily maximum concentration still exceeding the hourly average recommended value of 90 ppb. Spatial analysis using GIS reveals the distribution of O3 concentrations is highly affected by seasonal wind direction, as high O3 concentration is observed from January to March. The study underscores the pressing issue of ozone pollution in Klang Valley and the need for mitigation strategies to improve air quality.

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Impact of National Movement Control Orders toward Ground Level Ozone Concentrations in Shah Alam

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Diurnal variation of secondary air pollutant concentrations during movement restriction orders in Johor

Diurnal variation of secondary air pollutant concentrations during movement restriction orders in Johor

Drivers of nocturnal interactions between ground-level ozone and nitrogen dioxide

Spatial Distribution of Ground Level Ozone Concentrations in Klang Valley

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