Impact of natural and synthetic graphite milling energy on lithium-ion electrode capacity and cycle life

Ratyński, Maciej; Hamankiewicz, Bartosz; Krajewski, Michał; Boczar, Maciej; Ziółkowska, Dominika A.; Czerwiński, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2019.01.019

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Notably, CE values during cycling are more stable in e-BMW (>99%). Graphite milling leads to a better intercalation kinetics as well as a better electrolyte penetration into the material providing high stability and capacity retention [55]. However, in e-BMD, the pulverization of graphite as consequence of the high energy applied to the material during the milling process seems to lead to the graphitic structure collapse during cycling, which is not able to withstand the expansion of the Si nanoparticles.…”

Section: Electrochemical Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a High-Power Si@graphite Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries through a Wet Ball Milling Process

et al. 2020

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Silicon-based anodes are extensively studied as an alternative to graphite for lithium ion batteries. However, silicon particles suffer larges changes in their volume (about 280%) during cycling, which lead to particles cracking and breakage of the solid electrolyte interphase. This process induces continuous irreversible electrolyte decomposition that strongly reduces the battery life. In this research work, different silicon@graphite anodes have been prepared through a facile and scalable ball milling synthesis and have been tested in lithium batteries. The morphology and structure of the different samples have been studied using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We show how the incorporation of an organic solvent in the synthesis procedure prevents particles agglomeration and leads to a suitable distribution of particles and intimate contact between them. Moreover, the importance of the microstructure of the obtained silicon@graphite electrodes is pointed out. The silicon@graphite anode resulted from the wet ball milling route, which presents capacity values of 850 mA h/g and excellent capacity retention at high current density (≈800 mA h/g at 5 A/g).

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Section: Electrochemical Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a High-Power Si@graphite Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries through a Wet Ball Milling Process

et al. 2020

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“…A graphite volume change is up to 14 % at full lithiation (LiC 6 ), mainly due to an increase in a graphene interlayer distance from 0.34 up to 0.37 nm. [21] Graphite lithiation occurs at the similar potential range as for silicon-based materials. In a consequence, the SEI passivation layer is formed at both materials (electrodes).…”

Section: Experimental Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20] The BET technique is widely used in the Li-ion field for a pristine powder surface area evaluation. [21][22][23] Generally, the higher the specific area of the powder, the higher the electrode ECSA and specific power are. This effect is mostly due to a shorter ion diffusion path inside grains [24,25] or a high double layer charge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Technique for In Situ Determination of the Active Surface Area Changes of Li–Ion Battery Electrodes

Ratyński

Hamankiewicz

Buchberger

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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Li‐ion batteries have been of a great interest for over three decades. A geometric electrode surface area is generally used for Li‐ion electrochemical parameters calculations. Since the real electrode is a complex system composed of the thick porous structure, the contact surface area between the active mass and electrolyte is far larger than geometrical. This approximation leads to a large deviation of obtained results, especially within different laboratories and for volume and surface changing materials, e. g., silicon. The article presents a new method of in situ analysis of active surface area variations applicable for Li‐ion electrodes. The method relies on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement (EIS) performed at an arbitrarily chosen state of charge during superimposed DC current flow. The correlation between a local ion concentration with a charge transfer resistance allows to evaluate the differences of the active surface area. The presented method is not affected by the SEI layer presence, the material composition, nor the lithiation mechanism. Due to limited EIS frequency range the presented method can be performed with a relatively short time. Our new in situ surface area determination can greatly improve the accuracy of the electrochemical parameters evaluation and enable the proper result analysis. We believe that our method can become a standard procedure implemented in every research focusing on the electrochemical parameter determination of the volume changing active materials.

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“…The majority of currently produced Li-ion cells contain layered transition metal oxides as cathodes [ 1 ] and graphite or semi-graphitized carbon as anode active materials [ 2 , 3 ]. New active materials are under intensive development in terms of their capacity, power density or cycle life enhancement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Oxidation of Nano-Silicon as a Method for Cycle Life Enhancement of Li-ion Active Materials

et al. 2020

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Among the many studied Li-ion active materials, silicon presents the highest specific capacity, however it suffers from a great volume change during lithiation. In this work, we present two methods for the chemical modification of silicon nanoparticles. Both methods change the materials’ electrochemical characteristics. The combined XPS and SEM results show that the properties of the generated silicon oxide layer depend on the modification procedure employed. Electrochemical characterization reveals that the formed oxide layers show different susceptibility to electro-reduction during the first lithiation. The single step oxidation procedure resulted in a thin and very stable oxide that acts as an artificial SEI layer during electrode operation. The removal of the native oxide prior to further reactions resulted in a very thick oxide layer formation. The created oxide layers (both thin and thick) greatly suppress the effect of silicon volume changes, which significantly reduces electrode degradation during cycling. Both modification techniques are relatively straightforward and scalable to an industrial level. The proposed modified materials reveal great applicability prospects in next generation Li-ion batteries due to their high specific capacity and remarkable cycling stability.

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Impact of natural and synthetic graphite milling energy on lithium-ion electrode capacity and cycle life

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

Towards a High-Power Si@graphite Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries through a Wet Ball Milling Process

Towards a High-Power Si@graphite Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries through a Wet Ball Milling Process

A New Technique for In Situ Determination of the Active Surface Area Changes of Li–Ion Battery Electrodes

Surface Oxidation of Nano-Silicon as a Method for Cycle Life Enhancement of Li-ion Active Materials

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